ArticleBiophysical journal1998
Formation of giant liposomes promoted by divalent cations: critical role of electrostatic repulsion.
Article in Biophysical journal, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Permeability of Phospholipid Membranes to Divalent Cations: The Effect of Pulsed Electric Field.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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- A hemifused complex is the hub in a network of pathways to membrane fusion.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Cations Do Not Alter the Membrane Structure of POPC-A Lipid With an Intermediate Area.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Microfluidic Formation of Honeycomb-Patterned Droplets Bounded by Interface Bilayers via Bimodal Molecular Adsorption.Micromachines · 2020Article
- Dewetting-induced formation and mechanical properties of synthetic bacterial outer membrane models (GUVs) with controlled inner-leaflet lipid composition.Soft matter · 2019Article
- Patch-Clamp Recordings of the KcsA KMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2018Article
- Membrane protein reconstitution into giant unilamellar vesicles: a review on current techniques.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2017Review
- Light-harvesting Complexes (LHCs) Cluster Spontaneously in Membrane Environment Leading to Shortening of Their Excited State Lifetimes.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Peridynamic Modeling of Ruptures in Biomembranes.PloS one · 2016Article
- Preparation of size tunable giant vesicles from cross-linked dextran(ethylene glycol) hydrogels.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2014Article
- Statistical analysis of peptide-induced graded and all-or-none fluxes in giant vesicles.Biophysical journal · 2013Article
- Fractal avalanche ruptures in biological membranes.Nature materials · 2010Article
- Modeling kinetics of subcellular disposition of chemicals.Chemical reviews · 2009Review
- Shapes and coiling of mixed phospholipid vesicles.Lipids · 2009Article
- Films of agarose enable rapid formation of giant liposomes in solutions of physiologic ionic strength.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2009Article
- The structural diversity of DNA-neutral phospholipids-divalent metal cations aggregates: a small-angle synchrotron X-ray diffraction study.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2007Article
- Effect of surfactant protein A on the physical properties and surface activity of KL4-surfactant.Biophysical journal · 2007Article
- Triggering and visualizing the aggregation and fusion of lipid membranes in microfluidic chambers.Biophysical journal · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spontaneous formation of giant unilamellar liposomes in a gentle hydration process, as well as the adhesion energy between liposomal membranes, has been found to be dependent on the concentration of divalent alkali cations, Ca2+ or Mg2+, in the medium. With electrically neutral phosphatidylcholine (PC), Ca2+ or Mg2+ at 1-30 mM greatly promoted liposome formation compared to low yields in nonelectrolyte or potassium chloride solutions. When negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was mixed at 10%, the yield was high in nonelectrolytes but liposomes did not form at 3-10 mM CaCl2. In the adhesion test with micropipette manipulation, liposomal membranes adhered to each other only in a certain range of CaCl2 concentrations, which agreed with the range where liposome did not form. The adhesion range shifted to higher Ca2+ concentrations as the amount of PG was increased. These results indicate that the divalent cations bind to and add positive charges to the lipids, and that membranes are separated and stabilized in the form of unilamellar liposomes when net charges on the membranes produce large enough electrostatic repulsion. Under the assumption that the maximum of adhesion energy within an adhesive range corresponds to exact charge neutralization by added Ca2+, association constants of PC and PG for Ca2+ were estimated at 7.3 M(-1) and 86 M(-1), respectively, in good agreement with literature values.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.