ArticleMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR1998
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: pathogenesis and prevention.
Article in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Haemophilus influenzae oral vaccination for preventing acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Vaccine prevention of acute otitis media.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2001Trial
- Antimicrobial Resistance and the Blood-Brain Barrier: Complex Interactions and Implications for Neurological Health.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Nasopharyngeal carriage and risk factors of major meningitis pathogens among asymptomatic healthcare workers in paediatric units in Benin, with serogroup distribution of Neisseria meningitidis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial resistance dynamics among broiler and duck intensive production systems.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Alpha-defensins increase NTHi binding but not engulfment by the macrophages enhancing airway inflammation in Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Recruitment of Vitronectin by Bacterial Pathogens: A Comprehensive Overview.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- An infant mouse model of influenza-driven nontypeableInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Otitis media: recent advances in otitis media vaccine development and model systems.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Persistent microbial infections and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - an insight intoFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Report ofPediatric investigation · 2023Article
- A Robust Protocol to Isolate Outer Membrane Vesicles from NontypeableMethods and protocols · 2023Article
- Adherence of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae to Cells and Substrates of the Airway Is Differentially Regulated by Individual ModA Phasevarions.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Bacterial DNA amplifies neutrophilic inflammation in IL-17-exposed airways.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- Lipidation ofInfection and immunity · 2022Article
- The Role of Non-TypeableFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Structure and Function ofACS omega · 2020Article
- First contact: the role of respiratory cilia in host-pathogen interactions in the airways.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2020Review
- Evaluation of immunological responses against outer membrane vesicles (OMV) of nontypeableIranian journal of microbiology · 2020Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the ability of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) to coexist with the human host and the devastating results associated with disruption of the delicate state of balanced pathogenesis, resulting in both acute and chronic respiratory tract infections. It has been seen that the strains of NTHi causing disease show a marked genetic and phenotypic diversity but that changes in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and protein size and antigenicity in chronically infected individuals indicate that individual strains of NTHi can remain and adapt themselves to avoid expulsion from their infective niche. The lack of reliance of NTHi on a single mechanism of attachment and its ability to interact with the host with rapid responses to its environment confirmed the success of this organism as both a colonizer and a pathogen. In vitro experiments on cell and organ cultures, combined with otitis media and pulmonary models in chinchillas, rats, and mice, have allowed investigations into individual interactions between NTHi and the mammalian host. The host-organism interaction appears to be a two-way process, with NTHi using cell surface structures to directly interact with the mammalian host and using secreted proteins and LOS to change the mammalian host in order to pave the way for colonization and invasion. Many experiments have also noted that immune system evasion through antigenic variation, secretion of enzymes and epithelial cell invasion allowed NTHi to survive for longer periods despite a specific immune response being mounted to infection. Several outer membrane proteins and LOS derivatives are discussed in relation to their efficacy in preventing pulmonary infections and otitis media in animals. General host responses with respect to age, genetic makeup, and vaccine delivery routes are considered, and a mucosal vaccine strategy is suggested.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.