ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1998
Vitamin B2-based blue-light photoreceptors in the retinohypothalamic tract as the photoactive pigments for setting the circadian clock in mammals.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 401 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Action spectrum for melatonin regulation in humans: evidence for a novel circadian photoreceptor.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2001Trial
- Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Biotechnological Production Strategies of Riboflavin (Vitamin BPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The intricate interplay between circadian rhythm, androgen signaling, hormone therapy, and cellular senescence in prostate cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Full-Length Cryptochrome 1 in the Outer Segments of the Retinal Blue Cone Photoreceptors in Humans and Great Apes Suggests a Role Beyond Transcriptional Repression.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Cancer Survivors: From Oncogenesis to Quality of Life.Cancer medicine · 2024Review
- Circadian rhythm disruption and endocrine-related tumors.World journal of clinical oncology · 2024Review
- The circadian clock in the choroid plexus drives rhythms in multiple cellular processes under the control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- A time for sex: circadian regulation of mammalian sexual and reproductive function.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Modelling hemodynamics regulation in rats and dogs to facilitate drugs safety risk assessment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Circadian Gene Variants in Diseases.Genes · 2023Review
- Chronotherapeutics for Solid Tumors.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Circadian clock organization in the retina: From clock components to rod and cone pathways and visual function.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2023Review
- Cryptochromes in mammals: a magnetoreception misconception?Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Time to learn: The role of the molecular circadian clock in learning and memory.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2022Review
- Circadian Governance of Cardiac Growth.Cells · 2022Review
- Role of Sleep Restriction in Daily Rhythms of Expression of Hypothalamic Core Clock Genes in Mice.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- The Association of Dietary Vitamin Intake Time Across a Day With Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Fluorescent Reporters for Studying Circadian Rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Localisation of cryptochrome 2 in the avian retina.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2022Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In mammals the retina contains photoactive molecules responsible for both vision and circadian photoresponse systems. Opsins, which are located in rods and cones, are the pigments for vision but it is not known whether they play a role in circadian regulation. A subset of retinal ganglion cells with direct projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) are at the origin of the retinohypothalamic tract that transmits the light signal to the master circadian clock in the SCN. However, the ganglion cells are not known to contain rhodopsin or other opsins that may function as photoreceptors. We have found that the two blue-light photoreceptors, cryptochromes 1 and 2 (CRY1 and CRY2), recently discovered in mammals are specifically expressed in the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers of the mouse retina. In addition, CRY1 is expressed at high level in the SCN and oscillates in this tissue in a circadian manner. These data, in conjunction with the established role of CRY2 in photoperiodism in plants, lead us to propose that mammals have a vitamin A-based photopigment (opsin) for vision and a vitamin B2-based pigment (cryptochrome) for entrainment of the circadian clock.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.