ArticleInfection and immunity1998
Secretory phospholipase A2 is the principal bactericide for staphylococci and other gram-positive bacteria in human tears.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 253 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of BmsPLA2-4 in tissue defense against pathogens in silkworm, Bombyx mori.Insect science · 2026Article
- Modulation of Airway Expression of the Host Bactericidal Enzyme, sPLA2-IIA, by Bacterial Toxins.Toxins · 2023Review
- Role of surfactant protein-D in ocular bacterial infection.International ophthalmology · 2022Review
- The interaction of secreted phospholipase A2-IIA with the microbiota alters its lipidome and promotes inflammation.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Mass spectrometry analysis of human tear fluid biomarkers specific for ocular and systemic diseases in the context of 3P medicine.The EPMA journal · 2021Review
- Foundational concepts in the biology of bacterial keratitis.Experimental eye research · 2021Review
- Differential susceptibility of airway and ocular surface cell lines to FlhDC-mediated virulence factors PhlA and ShlA fromJournal of medical microbiology · 2021Article
- An evaluation of the chemical content and microbiological contamination of Anatolian bee venom.PloS one · 2021Article
- Structural and Functional Aspects of Targeting the Secreted Human Group IIA Phospholipase AMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Interplay between host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions in cystic fibrosis.Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society · 2020Review
- Expression and Roles of Antimicrobial Peptides in Innate Defense of Airway Mucosa: Potential Implication in Cystic Fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Hospital-Associated Multidrug-Resistant MRSA Lineages Are Trophic to the Ocular Surface and Cause Severe Microbial Keratitis.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Immunity, microbiota and kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2019Review
- G.I. pros: Antimicrobial defense in the gastrointestinal tract.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2019Review
- A Synthetic Derivative of Antimicrobial Peptide Holothuroidin 2 from Mediterranean Sea Cucumber (Marine drugs · 2019Article
- Streptococcal Lancefield polysaccharides are critical cell wall determinants for human Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 to exert its bactericidal effects.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Group IIA-Secreted Phospholipase AInfection and immunity · 2018Article
- Suppression of IL-17F, but not of IL-17A, provides protection against colitis by inducing TNature immunology · 2018Article
- Influence of lipopolysaccharide on proinflammatory gene expression in human corneal, conjunctival and meibomian gland epithelial cells.The ocular surface · 2018Article
- SFTA3 - a novel surfactant protein of the ocular surface and its role in corneal wound healing and tear film surface tension.Scientific reports · 2018Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We examined human tears for molecules that killed gram-positive bacteria. The principal mediator of bactericidal activity against staphylococci proved to be a calcium-dependent enzyme, secretory phospholipase A2. Whereas the concentration of secretory phospholipase A2 in the normal tear film exceeded 30 microg/ml, only 1.1 ng (<0.1 nM) of the enzyme per ml sufficed to kill Listeria monocytogenes and 15 to 80 ng/ml killed Staphylococcus aureus. Despite its efficacy against gram-positive bacteria, secretory phospholipase A2 lacked bactericidal activity against gram-negative organisms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) when tested in the ionic environment of tears. Given the presence of secretory phospholipase A2 in tears, intestinal secretions, and leukocytes, this enzyme may play a substantial role in innate mucosal and systemic bactericidal defenses against gram-positive bacteria.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.