Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9585393›Full record

ArticleDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association1998

Beta-cell deterioration determines the onset and rate of progression of secondary dietary failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the 10-year follow-up of the Belfast Diet Study.

J Levy, A B Atkinson, P M Bell, D R McCance, D R Hadden

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04841096 phase3completedstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Combined Therapy Glimepiride / Vildagliptin / Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Dual Treatment Failure

Ran2023Enrolled162Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsType 2 DiabetesArmsA1=Glimepiride / Vildagliptin / Metformin (1 mg/ 50 mg/ 500 mg), (A2) Glimepiride/Vildagliptin/Metformin, (B2) Glimepiride/Vildagliptin/Metformin, B2=Glimepiride / Vildagliptin / Metformin (1 mg/ 50 mg/ 500 mg)
PMID 32022600PMID 27088241PMID 24199686PMID 22246944PMID 30072404PMID 29405543PMID 15111553PMID 15850551PMID 26519337PMID 26775266PMID 7589820PMID 28155046other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT02838693 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Assessing Progression to Type-2 Diabetes (APT-2D): A Prospective Cohort Study Expanded From BRITE-SPOT (Bio-bank and Registry for StratIfication and Targeted intErventions in the Spectrum Of Type 2 Diabetes)

TypeobservationalSponsorMedicineRan2016 to 2021Enrolled2,300ConditionsPre-diabetes, DiabetesArmsNot applicable. This is an observational study.
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 289 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Exploring the potential role of C-peptide in type 2 diabetes management.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Observational
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
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  17. Glucose Regulates mCells · 2022
    Article
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  19. Article
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28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

J LevyDiabetes Research Laboratories, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK.
A B Atkinson
P M Bell
D R McCance
D R Hadden
Royal Victoria Hospital · GBUniversity of Ulster · GBOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Secondary failure of plasma glucose control following initial successful response to diet therapy may be due to dietary indiscretion, or to progression of the intrinsic diabetic condition. We report a 10-year prospective natural history study of 432 newly diagnosed diabetic patients aged 40-69 years undertaken to assess the effect of intensive dietary management, where patients were transferred to insulin, or oral hypoglycaemic therapy (tolbutamide, metformin) by predetermined criteria of weight and plasma glucose. Secondary failure to diet therapy occurred in 41 patients in years 2-4, 67 patients in years 5-7, and 51 patients in years 8-10; 173 patients remained on diet alone until death or the end of the study. Continuation on diet alone was associated with a lower ongoing fasting plasma glucose, greater beta-cell function assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test at 6 months, and increasing age. The rate of rise of fasting plasma glucose was inversely related to the duration of successful dietary therapy, but mean weight remained constant in all groups while on diet alone. The ongoing fall in beta-cell function assessed by HOMA modelling closely mirrored the progressive rise in fasting plasma glucose: there was no change in mean insulin sensitivity in any of the groups.

Indexed as

Treatment FailureAdultAgedBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinIslets of LangerhansMaleMetforminMiddle AgedNorthern IrelandTime FactorsTolbutamideBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMetforminTolbutamide

Identifiers

PMID9585393
OpenAlexW2090582239

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.