ReviewClinical microbiology reviews1998
Clinical, cellular, and molecular factors that contribute to antifungal drug resistance.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 428 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
428 citing papers in PubMed, 1,343 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phase I Study in Healthy Women of a Novel Antimycotic Vaginal Ovule Combining Econazole and Benzydamine.Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2020Trial
- Effect of fluconazole prophylaxis on Candida fluconazole susceptibility in premature infants.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Trial
- The MoSR-MoDde1 Regulatory Axis: A Novel Determinant of DMI Sensitivity and a Target for Sustainable Rice Blast Control.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The putative mitochondrial serine protease Pim1 regulates azole tolerance through redox homeostasis in Aspergillus fumigatus.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Dynamics associated with the efflux pumps in biofilms and persister cells ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- From Oral Candidiasis to Candidemia: A Review of Superficial to Invasive Progression.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- In Vitro Activities of Five Antifungal Drugs Against Conidia and Sclerotic Cells of Chromoblastomycosis Agent Fonsecaea spp.Microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Candida Species Colonization and Fungal Susceptibility Profile in the Oropharyngeal Mucosa of Patients Receiving Head and Neck Radiotherapy.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2026Article
- Itraconazole-associated adverse events in fungal infections: a study of a large real-world sample based on the FAERS database (2019-2024).European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Does the use of topical azoles have an impact on antifungal resistance?The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Boosting Antibiotic Efficacy of Azole Drugs against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus by Coordination to Rhenium Carbonyl Complexes.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025Article
- Antifungal resistance: Emerging mechanisms and implications (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Dermatophytosis in context of Trichophyton rubrum: host defense mechanisms, virulence factors, and treatment innovations.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- ATR-FTIR spectroscopic markers indicating drug resistance in selected Candida strains.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Biofilm-Associated Candidiasis: Pathogenesis, Prevalence, Challenges and Therapeutic Options.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Celastrol boosts fluconazole efficacy against vaginal candidiasis: in vitro and in vivo evidence.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Azole Combinations and Multi-Targeting Drugs That Synergistically InhibitJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
368 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In the past decade, the frequency of diagnosed fungal infections has risen sharply due to several factors, including the increase in the number of immunosuppressed patients resulting from the AIDS epidemic and treatments during and after organ and bone marrow transplants. Linked with the increase in fungal infections is a recent increase in the frequency with which these infections are recalcitrant to standard antifungal therapy. This review summarizes the factors that contribute to antifungal drug resistance on three levels: (i) clinical factors that result in the inability to successfully treat refractory disease; (ii) cellular factors associated with a resistant fungal strain; and (iii) molecular factors that are ultimately responsible for the resistance phenotype in the cell. Many of the clinical factors that contribute to resistance are associated with the immune status of the patient, with the pharmacology of the drugs, or with the degree or type of fungal infection present. At a cellular level, antifungal drug resistance can be the result of replacement of a susceptible strain with a more resistant strain or species or the alteration of an endogenous strain (by mutation or gene expression) to a resistant phenotype. The molecular mechanisms of resistance that have been identified to date in Candida albicans include overexpression of two types of efflux pumps, overexpression or mutation of the target enzyme, and alteration of other enzymes in the same biosynthetic pathway as the target enzyme. Since the study of antifungal drug resistance is relatively new, other factors that may also contribute to resistance are discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.