Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9560225›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1998

Macrophages resistant to endogenously generated nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis are hypersensitive to exogenously added nitric oxide donors: dichotomous apoptotic response independent of caspase 3 and reversal by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD 098059.

S Mohr, T S McCormick, E G Lapetina

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Oleoyl serine, an endogenous N-acyl amide, modulates bone remodeling and mass.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2010
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

S MohrCase Western Reserve University, School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Molecular Cardiovascular Research Center, Biomedical Research Building 440, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-4958, USA.
T S McCormick
E G Lapetina
Case Western Reserve University · USUniversity School · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) induction through the inducible NO synthase has been demonstrated to cause cell death in macrophages. We demonstrate that, in macrophages that have been rendered resistant to apoptosis induced by inducible NO synthase (RES cells), exposure to exogenous NO donors results in a hypersensitive apoptosis reaction when compared with the parental RAW 264.7 cells. The apoptosis induced via exogenous NO donors was found to be caspase 3-independent. Although caspase 3 activity was stimulated in the apoptotic macrophages, inhibition of caspase 3 by the inhibitor DEVD-CHO (N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde) did not reverse the apoptosis induced by the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). This suggests that although caspase 3 activity is stimulated during apoptosis in macrophages, this signal is not sufficient to induce apoptosis. Cleavage of the enzyme poly(ADP ribose) polymerase mirrors our results of the caspase activity. Interestingly, we show that exogenous NO donation results in an accumulation of cells at the G2/M-phase border. Here, we demonstrate that the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD 098059 can be used to reverse the G2/M-phase block and show that this treatment also inhibits the observed apoptosis in RES macrophages. Treatment with the MEK inhibitor also reversed both the caspase 3 activity and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase cleavage in cells treated with GSNO. This result indicates that the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway may be involved in regulation of the caspase cascade. Alternatively, it may suggest an activity for the MEK inhibitor heretofore not observed, that of a cyclin kinase inhibitor. Our results suggest that selection of macrophages by resistance to endogenously generated NO may cause hypersensitivity to exogenous NO donors. These findings have relevant implications for the treatment of apoptotic-resistant cell populations that may occur in both cancer and atheroma.

Indexed as

ApoptosisCaspasesMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase KinasesAnimalsCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesCaspase 3Cell CycleCell LineCysteine EndopeptidasesEnzyme ActivationEnzyme InhibitorsFlavonoidsGlutathioneMacrophagesMAP Kinase Kinase 1Mice2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-oneCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesCasp3 protein, mouseCaspase 3CaspasesCysteine EndopeptidasesEnzyme InhibitorsFlavonoidsGlutathioneMap2k1 protein, mouseMAP Kinase Kinase 1Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase KinasesNitric OxideNitroso CompoundsParp1 protein, mousePoly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1Poly(ADP-ribose) PolymerasesProteinsProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesProtein-Tyrosine KinasesS-Nitrosoglutathione

Identifiers

PMID9560225
PMCPMC20210
OpenAlexW2087614633

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.