ArticleJournal of virology1998
African origin of human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) supported by a potential new HTLV-2d subtype in Congolese Bambuti Efe Pygmies.
Article in Journal of virology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Re-emergence of human T-lymphotropic viruses in West Africa.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesPooled it
- Article
- Global epidemiology of HTLV: Under-reported and under-studied regions.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2025Review
- Article
- HTLV-2 Enhances CD8Viruses · 2022Article
- Rapid and Sensitive Qualitative Duoplex Real-Time PCR Method for Discriminatory and Confirmatory Diagnosis of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infections: Brazilian Multicentric Study.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for HTLV-1/2 Infection in Quilombo Remnant Communities Living in the Brazilian Amazon.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2021Article
- The challenge of describing the epidemiology of HTLV in the Amazon region of Brazil.Retrovirology · 2020Review
- Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) Infection in People Living With HIV/AIDS in the Pará State, Amazon Region of Brazil.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- HTLV-2 infection in Manaus, Brazil: first description of HTLV-2c subtype in an urban area of the Western Amazon region.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2020Article
- Comparative virology of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.Retrovirology · 2019Review
- High prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) infection in villages of the Xikrin tribe (Kayapo), Brazilian Amazon region.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Genetic diversity of STLV-2 and interspecies transmission of STLV-3 in wild-living bonobos.Virus evolution · 2016Article
- Local Virus Extinctions following a Host Population Bottleneck.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2a strains among HIV type 1-coinfected patients from Brazil have originated mostly from Brazilian Amerindians.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Article
- Review
- High prevalence, coinfection rate, and genetic diversity of retroviruses in wild red colobus monkeys (Piliocolobus badius badius) in Tai National Park, Cote d'Ivoire.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Ancient, independent evolution and distinct molecular features of the novel human T-lymphotropic virus type 4.Retrovirology · 2009Article
- Molecular evidence for infection by HTLV-2 among individuals with negative serological screening tests for HTLV antibodies.Epidemiology and infection · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We identified a potential new subtype within human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2), HTLV-2d, present in members of an isolated Efe Bambuti Pygmy tribe. Two of 23 Efe Pygmies were HTLV-2 seropositive, with HTLV-2 Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactivities. From one of them the entire genome of the HTLV-2 strain Efe2 could be amplified and sequenced. In all gene regions analyzed, this strain was the most divergent HTLV-2 strain, differing by 2.4% (tax/rex) to 10.7% (long terminal repeat) from both subtypes HTLV-2a and HTLV-2b, yet major functional elements are conserved. The similarity between the HTLV-2 Efe2 Gag and Env proteins and the corresponding HTLV-2a and -2b proteins is consistent with the observed serological reactivity. In the proximal pX region, one of the two alternative splice acceptor sites is abolished in HTLV-2 Efe2. Another interesting feature of this potential new subtype is that it has a Tax protein of 344 amino acids (aa), which is intermediate in length between the HTLV-2a Tax protein (331 aa) and the HTLV-2b and -2c Tax proteins (356 aa) and similar to the simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (STLV-2) PP1664 Tax protein. Together these two findings suggest a different phenotype for the HTLV-2 Efe2 strain. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the Pygmy Efe2 strain potentially belonged to a new and quite divergent subtype, HTLV-2d. When the STLV-2 bonobo viruses PP1664 and PanP were used as an outgroup, it was clear that the Pygmy HTLV-2 Efe2 strain had the longest independent evolution and that HTLV-2 evolution is consistent with an African origin.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.