SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1998
Systematic review of dietary intervention trials to lower blood total cholesterol in free-living subjects.
Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 275 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Effectiveness of interventions to promote healthy diet in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMC public health · 2013Pooled it
- JBS 2: Joint British Societies' guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2005Guideline
- Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004-BHS IV.Journal of human hypertension · 2004Guideline
- Dietary fat intake and prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2001Pooled it
- Cholesterol reduction and non-illness mortality: meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2001Pooled it
- Dietary advice given by a dietitian versus other health professional or self-help resources to reduce blood cholesterol.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2001Pooled it
- The Effects of a New Generation of Nutraceutical Compounds on Lipid Profile and Glycaemia in Subjects with Pre-hypertension.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2019Trial
- An evaluation of the hypolipidemic effect of an extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa leaves in hyperlipidemic Indians: a double blind, placebo controlled trial.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2010Trial
- The effect of dietary phytosphingosine on cholesterol levels and insulin sensitivity in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2010Trial
- Web-based targeted nutrition counselling and social support for patients at increased cardiovascular risk in general practice: randomized controlled trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2004Trial
- Safety of long-term consumption of plant sterol esters-enriched spread.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2003Trial
- The effect of vegetable oil-based cheese on serum total and lipoprotein lipids.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2002Trial
- Behavioural counselling in general practice for the promotion of healthy behaviour among adults at increased risk of coronary heart disease: randomised trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1999Trial
- Scientific Committee guidance on appraising and integrating evidence from epidemiological studies for use in EFSA's scientific assessments.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- A Review of Health-Beneficial Properties of Oats.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Divergence of Cardiovascular Biomarkers of Lipids and Subclinical Myocardial Injury Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Increased Inflammation.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2021Article
- Review
- Draft for internal testing Scientific Committee guidance on appraising and integrating evidence from epidemiological studies for use in EFSA's scientific assessments.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2020Article
- Protein intake is more stable than carbohydrate or fat intake across various US demographic groups and international populations.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo estimate the efficacy of dietary advice to lower blood total cholesterol concentration in free-living subjects and to investigate the efficacy of different dietary recommendations.
designSystematic overview of 19 randomised controlled trials including 28 comparisons. SUBJECTS: Free-living subjects.
interventionsIndividualised dietary advice to modify fat intake.
main outcome measurePercentage difference in blood total cholesterol concentration between the intervention and control groups.
resultsThe percentage reduction in blood total cholesterol attributable to dietary advice after at least six months of intervention was 5.3% (95% confidence interval 4.7% to 5.9%). Including both short and long duration studies, the effect was 8.5% at 3 months and 5.5% at 12 months. Diets equivalent to the step 2 diet of the American Heart Association were of similar efficacy to diets that aimed to lower total fat intake or to raise the polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio. These diets were moderately more effective than the step 1 diet of the American Heart Association (6.1% v 3.0% reduction in blood total cholesterol concentration; P<0.0001). On the basis of reported food intake, the targets for dietary change were seldom achieved. The observed reductions in blood total cholesterol concentrations in the individual trials were consistent with those predicted from dietary intake on the basis of the Keys equation.
conclusionsIndividualised dietary advice for reducing cholesterol concentration is modestly effective in free-living subjects. More intensive diets achieve a greater reduction in serum cholesterol concentration. Failure to comply fully with dietary recommendations is the likely explanation for this limited efficacy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.