ArticleBiochimica et biophysica acta1998
Direct structural evidence for formation of a stem-loop structure involved in ribosomal frameshifting in human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Article in Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Article
- Large ribosomal protein 4 increases efficiency of viral recoding sequences.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Programmed ribosomal frameshifting in HIV-1 and the SARS-CoV.Virus research · 2006Review
- A reassessment of the response of the bacterial ribosome to the frameshift stimulatory signal of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2004Article
- The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ribosomal frameshifting site is an invariant sequence determinant and an important target for antiviral therapy.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Efficiency of a programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift in the different subtypes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2003Article
- The frameshift stimulatory signal of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O is a pseudoknot.Journal of molecular biology · 2003Article
- Replacement of murine leukemia virus readthrough mechanism by human immunodeficiency virus frameshift allows synthesis of viral proteins and virus replication.Journal of virology · 2003Article
- V, 2.Ribosomal frameshifting in astroviruses.Perspectives in medical virology · 2003Article
- Characterization of the frameshift stimulatory signal controlling a programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1.Nucleic acids research · 2002Article
- Proline residues within spacer peptide p1 are important for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity, protein processing, and genomic RNA dimer stability.Journal of virology · 2002Article
- The frameshift signal of HIV-1 involves a potential intramolecular triplex RNA structure.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2002Article
- Expression of the human immunodeficiency virus frameshift signal in a bacterial cell-free system: influence of an interaction between the ribosome and a stem-loop structure downstream from the slippery site.Nucleic acids research · 1999Article
- Evidence for an RNA pseudoknot loop-helix interaction essential for efficient -1 ribosomal frameshifting.Journal of molecular biology · 1999Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Programmed ribosomal frameshifting in viral messenger RNA occurs in response to neighboring sequence elements consisting of: a frameshift site, a spacer, and a downstream enhancer sequence. In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mRNA, this sequence element has a potential to form either a stem-loop or a pseudoknot structure. Based on many mutational studies, the stem-loop structure has been proposed for the downstream enhancer region of the HIV-1 mRNA. This stimulatory stem-loop structure is separated from the shift site by a spacer of seven nucleotides. In contrast, a recent report has proposed an alternative model in which the bases in the spacer sequence form a pseudoknot structure as the downstream enhancer sequence [Du et al., Biochemistry 35 (1996) 4187-4198.]. Using UV melting and enzymatic mapping analyses, we have investigated the conformation of the sequence region involved in ribosomal frameshifting in HIV-1. Our S1, V1, and T1 endonuclease mappings, together with UV melting analysis, clearly indicate that this sequence element of the HIV-1 mRNA frameshift site forms a stem-loop structure, not a pseudoknot structure. This finding further supports the stem-loop structure proposed by many mutational studies for the downstream enhancer sequence of the HIV-1 mRNA.
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