ArticleJournal of clinical immunology1998
Induction of HIV-1 replication by type 1-like cytokines, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-15: effect on viral transcriptional activation, cellular proliferation, and endogenous cytokine production.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Expression of Toll-like Receptors and Chemokine Receptors in the Early and Advanced Stages of HIV Infection Aggravated byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Toll-like Receptor Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 or Co-Infection with Hepatitis B or C Virus: An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Anti-inflammatory effects of recreational marijuana in virally suppressed youth with HIV-1 are reversed by use of tobacco products in combination with marijuana.Retrovirology · 2022Article
- Review
- Long-term control of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in cynomolgus macaques not associated with efficient SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Specific pathogen-free status alters immunophenotype in rhesus macaques: implications for the study of simian immunodeficiency virus.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2011Article
- Decidual soluble factors participate in the control of HIV-1 infection at the maternofetal interface.Retrovirology · 2011Article
- IL-15 ex vivo overcomes CD4+ T cell deficiency for the induction of human antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2011Article
- Innate and adaptive factors regulating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomic activation.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2010Review
- Increased IL-15 production is associated with higher susceptibility of memory CD4 T cells to simian immunodeficiency virus during acute infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2009Article
- IL-15 treatment during acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection increases viral set point and accelerates disease progression despite the induction of stronger SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2008Article
- Gamma interferon primes productive human immunodeficiency virus infection in astrocytes.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Interleukin-15 increases effector memory CD8+ t cells and NK Cells in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Mice transgenic for a soluble form of murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 are refractory to murine acquired immune deficiency sydrome development.Immunology · 1999Article
- Regulation of bovine leukemia virus tax and pol mRNA levels by interleukin-2 and -10.Journal of virology · 1999Article
- Cytokine signals are sufficient for HIV-1 infection of resting human T lymphocytes.The Journal of experimental medicine · 1999Article
- The role of cytokines in the establishment, persistence and eradication of the HIV reservoir.Cytokine & growth factor reviewsReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokine dysregulation is evident in HIV-1 infection and it may play an important role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. Administration of T helper cytokines potentially may restore the functional abnormalities to the HIV-1 immune response. Type 1-like cytokines, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15, are candidates for immune-based therapy for HIV. Given their potential therapeutic use, we determined the effects of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 on HIV-1 replication in both primary blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the T-cell line, Kit 225-K6. We demonstrate that both IL-2 and IL-12 induce a similar level of HIV-1 replication (9- and 11-fold, respectively) in mitogen-stimulated PBMC. The effect of IL-2 plateaued by day 6, while that of IL-12 continued to increase HIV-1 expression. IL-15 induced a 2.5-fold increase in HIV-1 expression that remained at the same level through day 6. In Kit 225-K6, an IL-2-dependent T cell line, IL-12 and IL-15 enhanced HIV-1 replication by 5- and 3.5-fold over IL-2-treated cultures, respectively. IL-2-, IL-12-, and IL-15-mediated induction of HIV was independent of direct HIV-1 LTR activation, since none of the cytokines induced LTR activity from transfected reporter gene constructs. The cytokine-mediated induction of HIV-1 expression was also independent of cellular proliferation. In PBMC, the IL-12-mediated effect was partially mediated by endogenous cytokine production of IL-1beta and IL-7, whereas in Kit 225-K6, TNFalpha, INFgamma, IL-1beta, and IL-7 did not contribute significantly to the IL-12-mediated effect. IL-15 effect on HIV-1 in PBMC was independent of endogenous cytokine production. However, in Kit 225-K6, neutralizing antibodies to IL-7 had a significant effect on HIV-1 expression. These data suggest that IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 increase HIV-1 replication predominantly through a posttranscriptional mechanism that may be enhanced by endogenous cytokine production.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.