GuidelineBulletin of the World Health Organization1997
Integrated management of childhood illness by outpatient health workers: technical basis and overview. The WHO Working Group on Guidelines for Integrated Management of the Sick Child.
Guideline in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04074083 (A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of e-IMCI Implementation Compared to Standard of Care for Sick Children Aged Under Five Years in Primary Health Care Clinics in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.), which is not on this map. Cited by 204 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of e-IMCI Implementation Compared to Standard of Care for Sick Children Aged Under Five Years in Primary Health Care Clinics in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Who cites it
204 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Non-specific effects of Pneumococcal and Haemophilus vaccines in children aged 5 years and under: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- The ability of non-physician health workers to identify chest indrawing to detect pneumonia in children below five years of age in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Electronic Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (eIMCI): a randomized controlled trial to evaluate an electronic clinical decision-making support system for management of sick children in primary health care facilities in South Africa.BMC health services research · 2024Trial
- Effect of home-based childcare on childhood mortality in rural Maharashtra, India: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Screening and treatment of maternal genitourinary tract infections in early pregnancy to prevent preterm birth in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh: a cluster randomized trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2015Trial
- Trial
- The effect of India's total sanitation campaign on defecation behaviors and child health in rural Madhya Pradesh: a cluster randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2014Trial
- Increased use of community medicine distributors and rational use of drugs in children less than five years of age in Uganda caused by integrated community case management of fever.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2012Trial
- Effect of a multi-faceted quality improvement intervention on inappropriate antibiotic use in children with non-bloody diarrhoea admitted to district hospitals in Kenya.BMC pediatrics · 2011Trial
- A multifaceted intervention to improve health worker adherence to integrated management of childhood illness guidelines in Benin.American journal of public health · 2009Trial
- Effectiveness of home-based management of newborn infections by community health workers in rural Bangladesh.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2009Trial
- Implementing a checklist to strengthen IMCI-based assessment of childhood illnesses in an urban primary care setting in Delhi: a quality improvement initiative.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Implementation research on enhanced community case management of pneumonia in Bangladesh: study protocol.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Treatment practices and outcomes of chest indrawing pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months in primary health facilities of Kamuli District, Eastern Uganda.Journal of global health · 2026Observational
- Outcome and management of 2-59-month-old Nigerian children with chest indrawing pneumonia at primary-level healthcare facilities: a prospective cohort study.Journal of global health · 2026Observational
- Know-do gaps in the clinical management of childhood illness: evidence from three countries in sub-Saharan Africa.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- The pathway to child survival in the Birhan Cohort, Ethiopia, 2018-22.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a Scalable Design for a Pediatric Telemedicine and Medication Delivery Service: A Prospective Cohort Study in Haiti.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
144 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article describes the technical basis for the guidelines for the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI), which are presented in the WHO/UNICEF training course on IMCI for outpatient health workers at first-level health facilities in developing countries. These guidelines include the most important case management and preventive interventions against the leading causes of childhood mortality--pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, measles and malnutrition. The training course enables health workers who use the guidelines to make correct decisions in the management of sick children. The guidelines have been refined through research studies and field-testing in the Gambia, Ethiopia, Kenya, and United Republic of Tanzania, as well as studies on clinical signs in the detection of anaemia and malnutrition. These studies, and two others from Uganda and Bangladesh, are presented in this Supplement to the Bulletin of the World Health Organization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
9529714PMC2486995What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.