ArticleGenes & development1998
Helios, a T cell-restricted Ikaros family member that quantitatively associates with Ikaros at centromeric heterochromatin.
Article in Genes & development, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 250 citations in OpenAlex.
- Omics-based integrated analysis identified IKZF2 as a biomarker associated with lupus nephritis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms in an intergenic chromosome 2q region associated with tissue factor pathway inhibitor plasma levels and venous thromboembolism.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- The SHIP1-inflammatory-lipid axis in Alzheimer's disease: from genetic risk to spatiotemporal mechanistic insights.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Systematic functional validation of IKAROS variants from patients and laboratory-generated mutations.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cells in homeostasis and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- PBK/TOPK mediates Ikaros, Aiolos and CTCF displacement from mitotic chromosomes and alters chromatin accessibility at selected C2H2-zinc finger protein binding sites.Nature communications · 2025Article
- IKZF-associated inborn errors of immunity.Journal of human immunity · 2025Review
- A Germline Heterozygous Dominant Negative IKZF2 Variant Causing Syndromic Primary Immune Regulatory Disorder and ICHAD.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Helios-Illuminating the way for lymphocyte self-control.Immunology · 2025Review
- IKAROS: from chromatin organization to transcriptional elongation control.Cell death and differentiation · 2025Review
- ChromaFold predicts the 3D contact map from single-cell chromatin accessibility.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Review
- The transcription factor Aiolos restrains the activation of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- IKAROS Family Transcription Factors in Lymphocyte Differentiation and Function.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Dominant negative variants inJournal of medical genetics · 2023Article
- Review
- Inborn errors of human IKAROS: LOF and GOF variants associated with primary immunodeficiency.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Review
- HELIOS-expressing human CD8 T cells exhibit limited effector functions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Ikaros Regulates microRNA Networks in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.Epigenomes · 2022Article
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The Ikaros gene encodes multiple protein isoforms that contribute critical functions during the development of lymphocytes and other hematopoietic cell types. The intracellular functions of Ikaros are not known, although recent studies have shown that Ikaros proteins colocalize with inactive genes and centromeric heterochromatin. In this study, Ikaros proteins were found to be components of highly stable complexes. The complexes from an immature T cell line were purified, revealing associated proteins of 70 and 30 kD. The p70 gene, named Helios, encodes two protein isoforms with zinc finger domains exhibiting considerable homology to those within Ikaros proteins. Helios and Ikaros recognize similar DNA sequences and, when overexpressed, Helios associates indiscriminately with the various Ikaros isoforms. Although Ikaros is present in most hematopoietic cells, Helios was found primarily in T cells. The relevance of the Ikaros-Helios interaction in T cells is supported by the quantitative association of Helios with a fraction of the Ikaros. Interestingly, the Ikaros-Helios complexes localize to the centromeric regions of T cell nuclei, similar to the Ikaros localization previously observed in B cells. Unlike the B cell results, however, only a fraction of the Ikaros, presumably the fraction associated with Helios, exhibited centromeric localization in T cells. These results establish immunoaffinity chromatography as a useful method for identifying Ikaros partners and suggest that Helios is a limiting regulatory subunit for Ikaros within centromeric heterochromatin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.