ArticleThe EMBO journal1998
Viral protein R regulates nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex.
Article in The EMBO journal, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers.
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Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 321 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-1 Vif and Vpr cooperatively modulate the cell cycle to maximize per-cell virion production.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Variation in HIV-1 Tat and Vpr protein amino acid sequences and its association with vascular health measures in a South African cohort: an exploratory study.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Analysis of raltegravir analogs to enhance inhibitory efficiency against HIV integrase.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- HIV-1 Vpr Functions in Primary CD4Viruses · 2024Review
- Caspase cleavage of gasdermin E causes neuronal pyroptosis in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- New Insights into HIV Life Cycle, Th1/Th2 Shift during HIV Infection and Preferential Virus Infection of Th2 Cells: Implications of Early HIV Treatment Initiation and Care.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Advances in RNA Viral Vector Technology to Reprogram Somatic Cells: The Paramyxovirus Wave.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2022Review
- Huntingtin-Interacting Protein 1 Promotes Vpr-Induced G2 Arrest and HIV-1 Infection in Macrophages.Viruses · 2021Article
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- Crosstalk between nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and the innate immune response to viral infection.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2021Review
- Review
- Nuclear Import of Adeno-Associated Viruses Imaged by High-Speed Single-Molecule Microscopy.Viruses · 2021Review
- Article
- Article
- Review
- Protein ArginineViruses · 2020Article
- HIV-1 Vpr mediates the depletion of the cellular repressor CTIP2 to counteract viral gene silencing.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Naturally occurring Vpr inhibitors from medicinal plants of Myanmar.Journal of natural medicines · 2017Review
- Nuclear landscape of HIV-1 infection and integration.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2017Review
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in non-dividing cells critically depends on import of the viral pre-integration complex into the nucleus. Genetic evidence suggests that viral protein R (Vpr) and matrix antigen (MA) are directly involved in the import process. An in vitro assay that reconstitutes nuclear import of HIV-1 pre-integration complexes in digitonin-permeabilized cells was used to demonstrate that Vpr is the key regulator of the viral nuclear import process. Mutant HIV-1 pre-integration complexes that lack Vpr failed to be imported in vitro, whereas mutants that lack a functional MA nuclear localization sequence (NLS) were only partially defective. Strikingly, the import defect of the Vpr- mutant was rescued when recombinant Vpr was re-added. In addition, import of Vpr- virus was rescued by adding the cytosol of HeLa cells, where HIV-1 replication had been shown to be Vpr-independent. In a solution binding assay, Vpr associated with karyopherin alpha, a cellular receptor for NLSs. This association increased the affinity of karyopherin alpha for basic-type NLSs, including that of MA, thus explaining the positive effect of Vpr on nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex and BSA-NLS conjugates. These results identify the biochemical mechanism of Vpr function in transport of the viral pre-integration complex to, and across, the nuclear membrane.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.