ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)1998
Human muscle glycogen metabolism during exercise. Effect of carbohydrate supplementation.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis of Carbohydrate Solution Intake during Prolonged Exercise in Adults: From the Last 45+ Years' Perspective.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Metabolic, hormonal and performance effects of isomaltulose ingestion before prolonged aerobic exercise: a double-blind, randomised, cross-over trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Trial
- Acute Maltodextrin Supplementation During Resistance Exercise.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2020Trial
- The ergogenic potency of carbohydrate mouth rinse on endurance running performance of dehydrated athletes.European journal of applied physiology · 2019Trial
- Effect of mouth rinsing and ingestion of carbohydrate solutions on mood and perceptual responses during exercise.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2017Trial
- Dietary nitrate supplementation improves team sport-specific intense intermittent exercise performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2013Trial
- The effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on maximal strength and strength endurance.European journal of applied physiology · 2011Trial
- The effect of a carbohydrate beverage on the physiological responses during prolonged load carriage.European journal of applied physiology · 2011Trial
- Effects of ingesting [13C]glucose early or late into cold exposure on substrate utilization.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2010Trial
- Effect of exercise mode on blood glucose disposal during physiological hyperinsulinaemia in humans.European journal of applied physiology · 2003Trial
- Impact of sodium alginate energy gel on the marathon performance of amateur runners: a randomized controlled study.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Fueling Soccer Players: A Scoping Review and Audit of Literature Related to Soccer-Specific Guidelines for Carbohydrate Intake.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Acute Effects of 30 g Cyclodextrin Intake during CrossFitJournal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- A comparative observational study of carbohydrate intake and continuous blood glucose levels in relation to performance in ultramarathon.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- ProbioticNutrients · 2022Article
- Clock proteins and training modify exercise capacity in a daytime-dependent manner.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- What Should I Eat before Exercise? Pre-Exercise Nutrition and the Response to Endurance Exercise: Current Prospective and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Effects of Carbohydrate Ingestion During Exercise.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Exogenous ketosis impacts neither performance nor muscle glycogen breakdown in prolonged endurance exercise.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion during exercise, in the form of CHO-electrolyte beverages, leads to performance benefits during prolonged submaximal and variable intensity exercise. However, the mechanism underlying this ergogenic effect is less clear. Euglycaemia and oxidation of blood glucose at high rates late in exercise and a decreased rate of muscle glycogen utilisation (i.e. glycogen 'sparing') have been proposed as possible mechanisms underlying the ergogenic effect of CHO ingestion. The prevalence of one or the other mechanism depends on factors such as the type and intensity of exercise, amount, type and timing of CHO ingestion, and pre-exercise nutritional and training status of study participants. The type and intensity of exercise and the effect of these on blood glucose, plasma insulin and catecholamine levels, may play a major role in determining the rate of muscle glycogen utilisation when CHO is ingested during exercise. The ingestion of CHO (except fructose) at a rate of > 45 g/h, accompanied by a significant increase in plasma insulin levels, could lead to decreased muscle glycogen utilisation (particularly in type I fibres) during exercise. Endurance training and alterations in pre-exercise muscle glycogen levels do not seem to affect exogenous glucose oxidation during submaximal exercise. Thus, at least during low intensity or intermittent exercise, CHO ingestion could result in reduced muscle glycogen utilisation in well trained individuals with high resting muscle glycogen levels. Further research needs to concentrate on factors that regulate glucose uptake and energy metabolism in different types of muscle fibres during exercise with and without CHO ingestion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.