ArticleClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology1998
Age-dependent levels of select immunological mediators in sera of healthy children.
Article in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Maintenance of optimal vitamin D status in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized clinical trial comparing two regimens.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Trial
- Inflammatory response after open and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in children: a randomized study.Pediatric surgery international · 2014Trial
- Soluble CD25 as a potential prognostic biomarker for pediatric septic shock and its comparison with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Inflammation and Dysregulated Bone Turnover Confound Serum ICAM-1 as a Cardiovascular Marker in Hemodialysis.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- The kynurenine pathway in pediatric "mild-to-moderate" traumatic brain injury: translational insights from a prospective human study and a large-animal model.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Partially-functional exhausted CD8+ T cells can contribute to short-term viral suppression: a computational prediction for children with perinatal HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A Theoretical Link Between the GH/IGF-1 Axis and Cytokine Family in Children: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Neuroinflammatory markers at school age in preterm born children with neurodevelopmental impairments.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated lung disease: A retrospective cohort study.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2024Article
- Natural Microbial Exposure from the Earliest Natural Time Point Enhances Immune Development by Expanding Immune Cell Progenitors and Mature Immune Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Neopterin, the Cell-Mediated Immune Response Biomarker, in Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review of a More than Fifty Years Old Biomarker.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Identification of Protein Biomarker Signatures for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Using Both Nontargeted and Targeted Approaches.Proteomes · 2021Article
- Children with metabolically healthy obesity have a worse metabolic profile compared to normal-weight peers: a cross-sectional study.Endocrine · 2021Article
- The Pandemic Management Theory. COVID-19 and biocentric development.Health psychology report · 2021Article
- Correlation between premorbid IL-6 levels and COVID-19 mortality: Potential role for Vitamin D.International immunopharmacology · 2020Article
- Changes in salivary microbial sensing proteins CD14 and TLR2 with aging.Clinical oral investigations · 2020Article
- Emergent high fatality lung disease in systemic juvenile arthritis.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2019Article
- Correlation of Immune Markers With Outcomes in Biliary Atresia Following Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy.Hepatology communications · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Serum cytokine levels were measured in 275 healthy children of different ages (3 to 17 years). Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), soluble IL-2R (sIL-2R) (sCD25), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble TNF receptor type II (sTNF-RII) (sCD120b), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) (sCD54), soluble E selectin (sE-selectin) (ELAM-1; sCD62E), sCD14, and neopterin were measured with commercial test kits. The mean levels of IL-1RA, sIL-2R, TNF-alpha, sICAM-1, sE-selectin, and sCD14 were higher than in healthy adults. In contrast, IFN-gamma and IL-8 were hardly detectable in children and thereby significantly lower than in adults. In the case of TNF-alpha, sICAM-1, sE selectin, and sCD14, there was a high interindividual variability, apparently unrelated to disease. The profiles of some cytokines, i.e., IL-1RA, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, showed age-related increases that overlapped with known patterns of physical growth. Of note, sIL-2R and sE-selectin instead declined with time. Because of the remarkable age-dependent variability in healthy pediatric subjects, disease-related changes, as well as therapy-dependent alterations, should be considered with caution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.