ArticleGenes & development1998
Interaction of Agouti protein with the melanocortin 1 receptor in vitro and in vivo.
Article in Genes & development, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 232 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide association studies of autoimmune vitiligo identify 23 new risk loci and highlight key pathways and regulatory variants.Nature genetics · 2016Pooled it
- Loss-of-function mutations in the melanocortin-2-receptor (mc2r) lead to skin hyperpigmentation in teleost fish.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Blocking ASIP to Protect MC1R Signaling and Mitigate Melanoma Risk: An In Silico Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The E3 ubiquitin ligase MGRN1 targets melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R via interactions with transmembrane adapters.Journal of cell science · 2025Article
- Agouti and BMP signaling drive a naturally occurring fate conversion of melanophores to leucophores in zebrafish.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The dual coding of a single sex pheromone receptor in Asian honeybee Apis cerana.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Incorporation of Three Extracyclic Arginine Residues into a Melanocortin Macrocyclic Agonist (c[Pro-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Dap-Lys(Arg-Arg-Arg-Ac)-DPro]) Decreases Food Intake When Administered Intrathecally or Subcutaneously Compared to a Macrocyclic Ligand Lacking Extracyclic Arginine Residues (c[Pro-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Dap-Ala-DPro)].ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R): Pharmacological and Therapeutic Aspects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Discovery of a Pan-Melanocortin Receptor Antagonist [Ac-DPhe(pI)-Arg-Nal(2')-Orn-NHJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- AgRP Neuron-Specific Ablation Represses Appetite, Energy Intake, and Somatic Growth in Larval Zebrafish.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
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- Melanocyte stem cells in skin diseases and their potential in cell-based therapy.Histology and histopathology · 2022Review
- An enhancer ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
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- Evaluation of Personalized Skincare Through in-silico Gene Interactive Networks and Cellular Responses to UVR and Oxidative Stress.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2022Article
- Differentiating Pigs from Wild Boars Based onAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Chemical and biochemical control of skin pigmentation with special emphasis on mixed melanogenesis.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2021Review
- The melanocortin pathway and energy homeostasis: From discovery to obesity therapy.Molecular metabolism · 2021Review
- Polymorphism of the Melanocortin 1 Receptor (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Agouti protein and Agouti-related protein (Agrp) are paracrine-signaling molecules that normally regulate pigmentation and body weight, respectively. These proteins antagonize the effects of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and other melanocortins, and several alternatives have been proposed to explain their biochemical mechanisms of action. We have used a sensitive bioassay based on Xenopus melanophores to characterize pharmacologic properties of recombinant Agouti protein, and have directly measured its cell-surface binding to mammalian cells by use of an epitope-tagged form (HA-Agouti) that retains biologic activity. In melanophores, Agouti protein has no effect in the absence of alpha-MSH, but its action cannot be explained solely by inhibition of alpha-MSH binding. In 293T cells, expression of the Mc1r confers a specific, high-affinity binding site for HA-Agouti. Binding is inhibited by alpha-MSH, or by Agrp, which indicates that alpha-MSH and Agouti protein bind in a mutually exclusive way to the Mc1r, and that the similarity between Agouti protein and Agrp includes their binding sites. The effects of Agouti and the Mc1r in vivo have been examined in a sensitized background provided by the chinchilla (Tyrc-ch) mutation, which uncovers a phenotypic difference between overexpression of Agouti in lethal yellow (Ay/a) mice and loss of Mc1r function in recessive yellow (Mc1re/Mc1re) mice. Double and triple mutant studies indicate that a functional Mc1r is required for the pigmentary effects of Agouti, and suggest that Agouti protein can act as an agonist of the Mc1r in a way that differs from alpha-MSH stimulation. These results resolve questions regarding the biochemical mechanism of Agouti protein action, and provide evidence of a novel signaling mechanism whereby alpha-MSH and Agouti protein or Agrp function as independent ligands that inhibit each other's binding and transduce opposite signals through a single receptor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.