ArticleBiophysical journal1998
Voltage dependence of proton pumping by bacteriorhodopsin is regulated by the voltage-sensitive ratio of M1 to M2.
Article in Biophysical journal, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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29 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Simple Modification of a Commercial Plunge-Freezer to Allow Time-Resolved Vitrification for Cryo-EM Analyses of Light-Activated Proteins.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Driving forces of proton-pumping rhodopsins.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Voltage Imaging with Engineered Proton-Pumping Rhodopsins: Insights from the Proton Transfer Pathway.ACS physical chemistry Au · 2023Review
- Article
- Functional characterization of sodium-pumping rhodopsins with different pumping properties.PloS one · 2017Article
- Conversion of a light-driven proton pump into a light-gated ion channel.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Stable closure of the cytoplasmic half-channel is required for efficient proton transport at physiological membrane potentials in the bacteriorhodopsin catalytic cycle.Biochemistry · 2014Article
- Microbial and animal rhodopsins: structures, functions, and molecular mechanisms.Chemical reviews · 2014Review
- Mechanism of voltage-sensitive fluorescence in a microbial rhodopsin.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- Properties of the electrogenic activity of bacteriorhodopsin.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2013Article
- Voltage dependence of proton pumping by bacteriorhodopsin mutants with altered lifetime of the M intermediate.PloS one · 2013Article
- Temporal control of immediate early gene induction by light.PloS one · 2009Article
- Heterologous expression of Pharaonis halorhodopsin in Xenopus laevis oocytes and electrophysiological characterization of its light-driven Cl- pump activity.Biophysical journal · 2007Article
- Actinic light-energy dependence of proton release from bacteriorhodopsin.Biophysical journal · 2005Article
- Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2003Article
- Electric-field dependent decays of two spectroscopically different M-states of photosensory rhodopsin II from Natronobacterium pharaonis.Biophysical journal · 2003Article
- Cl(-) concentration dependence of photovoltage generation by halorhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarum.Biophysical journal · 2002Article
- Proton transfer dynamics on the surface of the late M state of bacteriorhodopsin.Biophysical journal · 2002Article
- The voltage-dependent proton pumping in bacteriorhodopsin is characterized by optoelectric behavior.Biophysical journal · 2001Article
- Static and time-resolved step-scan Fourier transform infrared investigations of the photoreaction of halorhodopsin from Natronobacterium pharaonis: consequences for models of the anion translocation mechanism.Biophysical journal · 2001Article
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5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The voltage dependence of light-induced proton pumping was studied with bacteriorhodopsin (bR) from Halobacterium salinarum, expressed in the plasma membrane of oocytes from Xenopus laevis in the range -160 mV to +60 mV at different light intensities. Depending on the applied field, the quenching effect by blue light, which bypasses the normal photo and transport cycle, is drastically increased at inhibiting (negative) potentials, and is diminished at pump current increasing (positive) potentials. At any potential, two processes with different time constants for the M --> bR decay of approximately 5 ms (tau1) and approximately 20 ms (tau2) are obtained. At pump-inhibiting potentials, a third, long-lasting process with tau3 approximately 300 ms at neutral pH is observed. The fast processes (tau1, tau2) can be assigned to the decay of M2 in the normal pump cycle, i.e., to the reprotonation of the Schiff base via the cytoplasmic side, whereas tau3 is due to the decay of M1 without net pumping, i.e., the reprotonation of the Schiff base via the extracellular side. The results are supported by determination of photocurrents induced by bR on planar lipid films. The pH dependence of the slow decay of M1 is fully in agreement with the interpretation that the reprotonation of the Schiff base occurs from the extracellular side. The results give strong evidence that an externally applied electrical field changes the ratio of the M1 and the M2 intermediate. As a consequence, the transport cycle branches into a nontransporting cycle at negative potentials. This interpretation explains the current-voltage behavior of bR on a new basis, but agrees with the isomerisation, switch, transfer model for vectorial transport.
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