ArticleJournal of virology1998
Oral immunization with recombinant Norwalk virus-like particles induces a systemic and mucosal immune response in mice.
Article in Journal of virology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Norovirus vaccine against experimental human Norwalk Virus illness.The New England journal of medicine · 2011Trial
- Adjuvanted intranasal Norwalk virus-like particle vaccine elicits antibodies and antibody-secreting cells that express homing receptors for mucosal and peripheral lymphoid tissues.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2010Trial
- Nanoparticle-Based Antigen Delivery: Advancing Immunization Strategies against Infectious Pathogens.Biomaterials research · 2026Review
- Vaccinia Virus Vector Bivalent Norovirus Vaccine.Viruses · 2025Article
- Bio-encapsulation of allergen-derivatives for specific immunotherapy.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Nanoadjuvants: Promising Bioinspired and Biomimetic Approaches in Vaccine Innovation.ACS omega · 2023Review
- Improvement of Sensitivity and Speed of Virus Sensing Technologies Using nm- and μm-Scale Components.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Single Dose of Bivalent H5 and H7 Influenza Virus-Like Particle Protects Chickens Against Highly Pathogenic H5N1 and H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Disulfide stabilization of human norovirus GI.1 virus-like particles focuses immune response toward blockade epitopes.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Norovirus encounters in the gut: multifaceted interactions and disease outcomes.Mucosal immunology · 2019Review
- Article
- Human Norovirus: Experimental Models of Infection.Viruses · 2019Review
- Nanoparticle Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Prospects and Challenges in the Development of a Norovirus Vaccine.Clinical therapeutics · 2017Review
- Detection of Extremely Low Concentrations of Biological Substances Using Near-Field Illumination.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Virus like particle-based vaccines against emerging infectious disease viruses.Virologica Sinica · 2016Review
- Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Review
- Optimized Formulation of a Thermostable Spray-Dried Virus-Like Particle Vaccine against Human Papillomavirus.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2016Article
- Different applications of virus-like particles in biology and medicine: Vaccination and delivery systems.Biopolymers · 2016Review
- Intranasal and oral vaccination with protein-based antigens: advantages, challenges and formulation strategies.Protein & cell · 2015Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recombinant Norwalk virus-like particles (rNV VLPs) produced in insect cells were evaluated as an oral immunogen in CD1 and BALB/c mice by monitoring rNV-specific serum total and subclass immunoglobulin G (IgG) and intestinal IgA responses. Dose and kinetics of response were evaluated in the presence and absence of the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). rNV-specific serum IgG and intestinal IgA were detected in the absence of CT, and the number of responders was not significantly different from that of mice administered VLPs with CT at most doses. The use of CT was associated with induction of higher levels of IgG in serum; this effect was greater at higher doses of VLPs. IgG in serum was detected in the majority of animals by 9 days postimmunization (dpi), and intestinal IgA responses were detected by 24 dpi. In the absence of CT, IgG2b was the dominant IgG subclass response in both mouse strains. Thus, nonreplicating rNV VLPs are immunogenic when administered orally in the absence of any delivery system or mucosal adjuvant. These studies demonstrate that rNV VLPs are an excellent model to study the oral delivery of antigen, and they are a potential mucosal vaccine for NV infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.