ArticleJournal of virology1998
Retroviral recombination rates do not increase linearly with marker distance and are limited by the size of the recombining subpopulation.
Article in Journal of virology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reverse Transcription of Retroviruses and LTR Retrotransposons.Microbiology spectrum · 2015Review
- Review
- Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) env recombinants are common in natural infections.Retrovirology · 2014Article
- HIV-1 reverse transcription.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2012Review
- Review
- Mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 RNA packaging: efficient trans packaging and selection of RNA copackaging partners.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- Cassette deletion in multiple shRNA lentiviral vectors for HIV-1 and its impact on treatment success.Virology journal · 2009Article
- Probing the HIV-1 genomic RNA trafficking pathway and dimerization by genetic recombination and single virion analyses.PLoS pathogens · 2009Article
- The remarkable frequency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genetic recombination.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2009Review
- Accuracy estimation of foamy virus genome copying.Retrovirology · 2009Article
- Long-range recombination gradient between HIV-1 subtypes B and C variants caused by sequence differences in the dimerization initiation signal region.Journal of molecular biology · 2008Article
- Genetic recombination between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2, two distinct human lentiviruses.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- Influence of sequence identity and unique breakpoints on the frequency of intersubtype HIV-1 recombination.Retrovirology · 2006Article
- High frequency of genetic recombination is a common feature of primate lentivirus replication.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- High rate of genetic recombination in murine leukemia virus: implications for influencing proviral ploidy.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Sequence determinants of breakpoint location during HIV-1 intersubtype recombination.Nucleic acids research · 2006Article
- Comparison of the genetic recombination rates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in macrophages and T cells.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Identification of a major restriction in HIV-1 intersubtype recombination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2005Article
- Genetic recombination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in one round of viral replication: effects of genetic distance, target cells, accessory genes, and lack of high negative interference in crossover events.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Evidence for preferential copackaging of Moloney murine leukemia virus genomic RNAs transcribed in the same chromosomal site.Retrovirology · 2005Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Recombination occurs at high frequencies in all examined retroviruses. The previously determined homologous recombination rate in one retroviral replication cycle is 4% for markers 1.0 kb apart in spleen necrosis virus (SNV). This has often been used to suggest that approximately 30 to 40% of the replication-competent viruses with 7- to 10-kb genomes undergo recombination. These estimates were based on the untested assumption that a linear relationship exists between recombination rates and marker distances. To delineate this relationship, we constructed three sets of murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based vectors containing the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo) and the hygromycin phosphotransferase B gene (hygro). Each set contained one vector with a functional neo and an inactivated hygro and one vector with a functional hygro and an inactivated neo. The two inactivating mutations in the three sets of vectors were separated by 1.0, 1.9, and 7.1 kb. Recombination rates after one round of replication were 4.7, 7.4, and 8.2% with markers 1.0, 1.9, and 7.1 kb apart, respectively. Thus, the rate of homologous recombination with 1.0 kb of marker distance is similar in MLV and SNV. The recombination rate increases when the marker distance increases from 1.0 to 1.9 kb; however, the recombination rates with marker distances of 1.9 and 7.1 kb are not significantly different. These data refute the previous assumption that recombination is proportional to marker distance and define the maximum recombining population in retroviruses.
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