ArticleJournal of virology1998
Clearance of an influenza A virus by CD4+ T cells is inefficient in the absence of B cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recombinant duck enteritis virus harboring the hemagglutinin genes of influenza virus rapidly induces specific cellular immunity in ducks.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Interferon-β treatment reverses the detrimental effect of B-cell depletion therapy on respiratory virus infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity and biodistribution of lipid nanoparticle formulated self-amplifying mRNA vaccines against H5 avian influenza.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Review
- Sex-based clinical and immunological differences in COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Long, relapsing, and atypical symptomatic course of COVID-19 in a B-cell-depleted patient after rituximab.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2020Article
- Influenza A Virus Vaccination: Immunity, Protection, and Recent Advances Toward A Universal Vaccine.Vaccines · 2020Review
- Serendipity: Reflections on Being Mentored by Dr. Peter Doherty.Viral immunology · 2020Article
- Lack of B Lymphocytes Enhances CD8 T Cell-Mediated Resistance against Respiratory Viral Infection but Compromises Memory Cell Formation.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Novel Lipidated Imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 Adjuvants Elicit Influenza-Specific Th1 Immune Responses and Protect Against Heterologous H3N2 Influenza Challenge in Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Article
- T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders.International review of cell and molecular biology · 2019Review
- Extending the Breadth of Influenza Vaccines: Status and Prospects for a Universal Vaccine.Drugs · 2018Review
- Vaccine-induced antigen-specific regulatory T cells attenuate the antiviral immunity against acute influenza virus infection.Mucosal immunology · 2018Article
- NKG2C/E Marks the Unique Cytotoxic CD4 T Cell Subset, ThCTL, Generated by Influenza Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Influenza and Memory T Cells: How to Awake the Force.Vaccines · 2016Review
- Polarizing T and B Cell Responses by APC-Targeted Subunit Vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- The effector T cell response to influenza infection.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2015Review
- Article
- Universal immunity to influenza must outwit immune evasion.Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The primary CD8+ T-cell response protected most B-cell-deficient muMT mice against intranasal infection with the HKx31 influenza A virus. Prior exposure did not prevent reinfection upon homologous challenge, and the recall CD8+ T-cell response cleared the virus from the lung within 7 days. Depleting the CD8+ T cells substantially reduced the capacity of these primed mice to deal with the infection, in spite of evidence for established CD4+ T-cell memory. Thus, the control of this relatively mild influenza virus by both primary and secondary CD4+ T-cell responses is relatively inefficient in the absence of B cells and CD8+ T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.