ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1997
The C9 methyl group of retinal interacts with glycine-121 in rhodopsin.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interdisciplinary biophysical studies of membrane proteins bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin.Biophysical reviews · 2023Review
- Magic angle spinning NMR of G protein-coupled receptors.Progress in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy · 2022Review
- Deconstructing the transmembrane core of class A G protein-coupled receptors.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2021Review
- Novel fluorescent GPCR biosensor detects retinal equilibrium binding to opsin and active G protein and arrestin signaling conformations.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- Nucleotide Sugar Transporter SLC35 Family Structure and Function.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2019Review
- Retinal orientation and interactions in rhodopsin reveal a two-stage trigger mechanism for activation.Nature communications · 2016Article
- Retinal Flip in Rhodopsin Activation?Biophysical journal · 2015Article
- Uncovering the triggers for GPCR activation using solid-state NMR spectroscopy.Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) · 2015Article
- Amino acid conservation and interactions in rhodopsin: probing receptor activation by NMR spectroscopy.Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2014Review
- Identification of a functionally critical GXXG motif and its relationship to the folate binding site of the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT-SLC46A1).American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2012Article
- Probing human red cone opsin activity with retinal analogues.Journal of natural products · 2011Article
- Structure and function of G protein-coupled receptors using NMR spectroscopy.Progress in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy · 2010Review
- Light activation of rhodopsin: insights from molecular dynamics simulations guided by solid-state NMR distance restraints.Journal of molecular biology · 2010Article
- In vitro assays of rod and cone opsin activity: retinoid analogs as agonists and inverse agonists.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2010Article
- Assays for inverse agonists in the visual system.Methods in enzymology · 2010Article
- The 9-methyl group of retinal is essential for rapid Meta II decay and phototransduction quenching in red cones.The Journal of general physiology · 2009Article
- Identification of a glycine motif required for packing in EmrE, a multidrug transporter from Escherichia coli.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2008Article
- Dynamic structure of retinylidene ligand of rhodopsin probed by molecular simulations.Journal of molecular biology · 2007Article
- Structural analysis and dynamics of retinal chromophore in dark and meta I states of rhodopsin from 2H NMR of aligned membranes.Journal of molecular biology · 2007Article
- Cardiac GPCRs: GPCR signaling in healthy and failing hearts.Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2007Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The visual pigment rhodopsin is a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor. These receptors have seven transmembrane helices and are activated by specific receptor-ligand interactions. Rhodopsin is unusual in that its retinal prosthetic group serves as an antagonist in the dark in the 11-cis conformation but is rapidly converted to an agonist on photochemical cis to trans isomerization. Receptor-ligand interactions in rhodopsin were studied in the light and dark by regenerating site-directed opsin mutants with synthetic retinal analogues. A progressive decrease in light-dependent transducin activity was observed when a mutant opsin with a replacement of Gly121 was regenerated with 11-cis-retinal analogues bearing progressively larger R groups (methyl, ethyl, propyl) at the C9 position of the polyene chain. A progressive decrease in light activity was also observed as a function of increasing size of the residue at position 121 for both the 11-cis-9-ethyl- and the 11-cis-9-propylretinal pigments. In contrast, a striking increase of receptor activity in the dark-i.e., without chromophore isomerization-was observed when the molecular volume at either position 121 of opsin or C9 of retinal was increased. The ability of bulky replacements at either position to hinder ligand incorporation and to activate rhodopsin in the dark suggests a direct interaction between these two sites. A molecular model of the retinal-binding site of rhodopsin is proposed that illustrates the specific interaction between Gly121 and the C9 methyl group of 11-cis-retinal. Steric interactions in this region of rhodopsin are consistent with the proposal that movement of transmembrane helices 3 and 6 is concomitant with receptor activation.
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