Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9380684›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1997

A versatile synthetic dimerizer for the regulation of protein-protein interactions.

J F Amara, T Clackson, V M Rivera, T Guo, T Keenan, S Natesan, R Pollock, W Yang, N L Courage, D A Holt and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed, 205 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Covalent Proximity Inducers.Chemical reviews · 2025
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  19. FKBP Ligands-Where We Are and Where to Go?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018
    Review
  20. Article

4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

J F AmaraARIAD Gene Therapeutics, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
T Clackson
V M Rivera
T Guo
T Keenan
S Natesan
R Pollock
W Yang
N L Courage
D A Holt
M Gilman

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of low molecular weight organic compounds to induce dimerization or oligomerization of engineered proteins has wide-ranging utility in biological research as well as in gene and cell therapies. Chemically induced dimerization can be used to activate intracellular signal transduction pathways or to control the activity of a bipartite transcription factor. Dimerizer systems based on the natural products cyclosporin, FK506, rapamycin, and coumermycin have been described. However, owing to the complexity of these compounds, adjusting their binding or pharmacological properties by chemical modification is difficult. We have investigated several families of readily prepared, totally synthetic, cell-permeable dimerizers composed of ligands for human FKBP12. These molecules have significantly reduced complexity and greater adaptability than natural product dimers. We report here the efficacies of several of these new synthetic compounds in regulating two types of protein dimerization events inside engineered cells--induction of apoptosis through dimerization of engineered Fas proteins and regulation of transcription through dimerization of transcription factor fusion proteins. One dimerizer in particular, AP1510, proved to be exceptionally potent and versatile in all experimental contexts tested.

Indexed as

ApoptosisCarrier ProteinsCell LineDimerizationDNA-Binding Proteinsfas ReceptorGene Expression RegulationHeat-Shock ProteinsHumansKineticsProteinsTacrolimus Binding ProteinsTranscriptional ActivationCarrier ProteinsDNA-Binding Proteinsfas ReceptorHeat-Shock ProteinsProteinsTacrolimus Binding Proteins

Identifiers

PMID9380684
PMCPMC23423
OpenAlexW2148304657

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.