ArticleImmunology1997
Modulation of B-cell activation by the B subunit of Escherichia coli enterotoxin: receptor interaction up-regulates MHC class II, B7, CD40, CD25 and ICAM-1.
Article in Immunology, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- EPICERTIN, an engineered variant of cholera toxin B subunit, promotes survival and a pro-remodeling macrophage phenotype for mucosal healing in colitis.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles are conduits for E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and the B-subunits of LT and cholera toxin in immune cell-to-cell communication.Microbial pathogenesis · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Cholera-Toxin-BasedVaccines · 2020Article
- Parenteral adjuvant potential of recombinant B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2017Article
- Novel Therapeutic Approach for Inhibition of HIV-1 Using Cell-Penetrating Peptide and Bacterial Toxins.Journal of AIDS & clinical research · 2017Article
- Lymphocyte activation gene 3: a novel therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Haematologica · 2017Article
- Article
- The B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin alters the development and antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2015Article
- Cell clustering and delay/arrest in T-cell division implicate a novel mechanism of immune modulation by E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin B-subunits.Cellular immunology · 2015Article
- The Quest for an HIV-1 Vaccine Adjuvant: Bacterial Toxins as New Potential Platforms.Journal of clinical & cellular immunology · 2014Article
- Article
- Heat-labile enterotoxins as adjuvants or anti-inflammatory agents.Immunological investigations · 2010Review
- Cholera toxin, LT-I, LT-IIa and LT-IIb: the critical role of ganglioside binding in immunomodulation by type I and type II heat-labile enterotoxins.Expert review of vaccines · 2007Review
- In vitro induction of immunoglobulin A (IgA)- and IgM-secreting plasma blasts by cholera toxin depends on T-cell help and is mediated by CD154 up-regulation and inhibition of gamma interferon synthesis.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Mutants of type II heat-labile enterotoxin LT-IIa with altered ganglioside-binding activities and diminished toxicity are potent mucosal adjuvants.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Protection of non-obese diabetic mice from autoimmune diabetes by Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit.Immunology · 2006Article
- Differential binding of Escherichia coli enterotoxins LT-IIa and LT-IIb and of cholera toxin elicits differences in apoptosis, proliferation, and activation of lymphoid cells.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Mucosal adjuvant properties of mutant LT-IIa and LT-IIb enterotoxins that exhibit altered ganglioside-binding activities.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- The B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin induces both caspase-dependent and -independent cell death pathways in CD8+ T cells.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Mucosal immunity: overcoming the barrier for induction of proximal responses.Immunologic research · 2004Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The B subunits of cholera toxin (CtxB) and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (EtxB) are non-toxic lectins that bind and cross-link a ubiquitous cell glycolipid receptor, ganglioside GM1, and are recognized as potent mucosal and systemic immunogens. Here we examine the role of EtxB receptor occupancy in modulating the activation of B cells, in vitro, in primary lymphocyte cultures containing B and T cells. When 48-hr spleen cell cultures containing EtxB were compared with those in the presence of a non-receptor binding mutant, EtxB(G33D), a marked shift in the ratio of CD4+ T cells: B cells was noted. Evidence suggested that this was the result of either enhanced survival or proliferation of B cells associated with receptor occupancy by EtxB. Investigation revealed that EtxB induced only a minimal increase in proliferation above that of EtxB(G33D), in mixed cell cultures, and failed to induce any cell division of purified B cells or T cells. In contrast, receptor-binding by EtxB markedly up-regulated the expression of major histocompatability complex (MHC) class II, B7, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), CD40 and CD25 on the B-cell surface. These results indicate that the polyclonal effects of EtxB on B cells are not associated with wide-scale proliferation, but more likely with maintenance of B-cell survival by activation of molecules essential for B-cell differentiation. The findings also highlight the essential role of GM1-interaction with EtxB in the regulation of lymphocyte responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.