ArticleMolecular biology of the cell1997
Galectin-4 and small intestinal brush border enzymes form clusters.
Article in Molecular biology of the cell, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Elevated Galectin-4 Concentrations with Obesity, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Galectin-4 potentiates CD8+ T cell immunity by enhancing MHC-I expression on dendritic cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Cytosolic galectin-4 enchains bacteria, restricts their motility, and promotes inflammasome activation in intestinal epithelial cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- From examining the relationship between (corona)viral adhesins and galectins to glyco-perspectives.Biophysical journal · 2021Article
- Article
- Immune infiltration and prognostic and diagnostic use of LGALS4 in colon adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial carcinoma.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Stomach 'tastes' the food and adjusts its emptying: A neurophysiological hypothesis (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Review
- Galectin-4 Interaction with CD14 Triggers the Differentiation of Monocytes into Macrophage-like Cells via the MAPK Signaling Pathway.Immune network · 2019Article
- Trans-β-galactosidase activity of pig enzymes embedded in the small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Function, Regulation, and Pathophysiological Relevance of the POT Superfamily, Specifically PepT1 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Comprehensive Physiology · 2018Review
- The role of galectin-4 in physiology and diseases.Protein & cell · 2016Review
- Structural characterisation of human galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with glycerol, lactose, 3'-sulfo-lactose, and 2'-fucosyllactose.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Galectin-3 regulates desmoglein-2 and intestinal epithelial intercellular adhesion.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
- Galectins in epithelial functions.Tissue barriers · 2014Review
- Expression patterns suggest that despite considerable functional redundancy, galectin-4 and -6 play distinct roles in normal and damaged mouse digestive tract.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2013Article
- Intestinal peptidases form functional complexes with the neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1.The Biochemical journal · 2012Article
- Galectin-7 modulates the length of the primary cilia and wound repair in polarized kidney epithelial cells.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2011Article
- Toxin-mediated effects on the innate mucosal defenses: implications for enteric vaccines.Infection and immunity · 2009Review
- Role of N-glycosylation in trafficking of apical membrane proteins in epithelia.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2009Review
- Immunohistochemical localization of six galectin subtypes in the mouse digestive tract.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Detergent-insoluble complexes prepared from pig small intestine are highly enriched in several transmembrane brush border enzymes including aminopeptidase N and sucrase-isomaltase, indicating that they reside in a glycolipid-rich environment in vivo. In the present work galectin-4, an animal lectin lacking a N-terminal signal peptide for membrane translocation, was discovered in these complexes as well, and in gradient centrifugation brush border enzymes and galectin-4 formed distinct soluble high molecular weight clusters. Immunoperoxidase cytochemistry and immunogold electron microscopy showed that galectin-4 is indeed an intestinal brush border protein; we also localized galectin-4 throughout the cell, mainly associated with membraneous structures, including small vesicles, and to the rootlets of microvillar actin filaments. This was confirmed by subcellular fractionation, showing about half the amount of galectin-4 to be in the microvillar fraction, the rest being associated with insoluble intracellular structures. A direct association between the lectin and aminopeptidase N was evidenced by a colocalization along microvilli in double immunogold labeling and by the ability of an antibody to galectin-4 to coimmunoprecipitate aminopeptidase N and sucrase-isomaltase. Furthermore, galectin-4 was released from microvillar, right-side-out vesicles as well as from mucosal explants by a brief wash with 100 mM lactose, confirming its extracellular localization. Galectin-4 is therefore secreted by a nonclassical pathway, and the brush border enzymes represent a novel class of natural ligands for a member of the galectin family. Newly synthesized galectin-4 is rapidly "trapped" by association with intracellular structures prior to its apical secretion, but once externalized, association with brush border enzymes prevents it from being released from the enterocyte into the intestinal lumen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.