Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1997
Reduction of HIV-1 in blood and lymph nodes following potent antiretroviral therapy and the virologic correlates of treatment failure.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Challenges in detecting HIV persistence during potentially curative interventions: a study of the Berlin patient.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- Detection of replication-competent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in cultures from patients with levels of HIV-1 RNA in plasma suppressed to less than 500 or 50 copies per milliliter.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2002Trial
- Treatment-induced decline of human immunodeficiency virus-1 p24 and HIV-1 RNA in lymphoid tissue of patients with early human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection.The American journal of pathology · 2000Trial
- Human immunodeficiency virus replication and genotypic resistance in blood and lymph nodes after a year of potent antiretroviral therapy.Journal of virology · 1998Trial
- Antiviral Inflammasomes and How to Find Them.Viruses · 2026Review
- Identification of inducible HIV reservoirs in tonsillar, intestinal and cervical tissue models of HIV latency.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Time to Treatment Failure and Its Predictors Among Second-Line ART Clients in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Viral Persistence in the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue and Barriers to HIV Cure.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- HIV Infection: Shaping the Complex, Dynamic, and Interconnected Network of the Cytoskeleton.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Profound phenotypic and epigenetic heterogeneity of the HIV-1-infected CD4Nature immunology · 2023Article
- Current strategies to induce selective killing of HIV-1-infected cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
- Article
- Tissue-specific differences in HIV DNA levels and mechanisms that govern HIV transcription in blood, gut, genital tract and liver in ART-treated women.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- Article
- HIV persists throughout deep tissues with repopulation from multiple anatomical sources.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Sexual dimorphism in HIV-1 infection.Seminars in immunopathology · 2019Review
- New Frontiers in Measuring and Characterizing the HIV Reservoir.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Genetically Intact but Functionally Impaired HIV-1 Env Glycoproteins in the T-Cell Reservoir.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- From in silico hit to long-acting late-stage preclinical candidate to combat HIV-1 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Potent antiretroviral therapy can reduce plasma HIV RNA levels below the threshold of detection for periods of a year or more. The magnitude of HIV RNA reduction in the lymphoid tissue in patients with suppression of HIV RNA levels in plasma beyond 6 months has not been determined. We evaluated levels of HIV RNA and DNA and characterized resistance mutations in blood and inguinal lymph node biopsies obtained from 10 HIV-infected subjects who received 36-52 weeks of indinavir (IDV)/zidovudine (ZDV)/lamivudine (3TC), IDV, or ZDV/3TC. After 1 year of therapy, viral RNA levels in LN of individuals remained detectable but were log10 = 4 lower than in subjects on the triple drug regimen with interruption of therapy or in those treated with ZDV/3TC alone, who had viral loads in their lymph nodes indistinguishable from those expected for untreated patients. In all cases viral DNA remained detectable in lymph nodes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). When plasma virus suppression was incomplete, lymph node and PBMC cultures were positive and drug resistance developed. These studies indicate that pronounced and sustained suppression of plasma viremia by a potent antiretroviral combination is associated with low HIV RNA levels in the lymph nodes 1 year after treatment. Conversely, the persistence of even modest levels of plasma virus after 1 year of treatment reflects ongoing viral replication, the emergence of drug resistance, and the maintenance of high burdens of virus in the lymph nodes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.