ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience1997
Contingent-dependent enhancement of rhythmic motor patterns: an in vitro analog of operant conditioning.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms that create a sequence of feeding-related behaviors in the molluskJournal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Low-dimensional signatures of neuronal activity associated with long-term operant conditioning in Aplysia.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Combining voltage-sensitive dye, carbon fiber array, and extracellular nerve electrodes using a 3-D printed recording chamber and manipulators.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2023Article
- Convergent effects of neuropeptides on the feeding central pattern generator ofJournal of neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Specific Plasticity Loci and Their Synergism Mediate Operant Conditioning.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Neuronal population activity dynamics reveal a low-dimensional signature of operant learning in Aplysia.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Dopamine as a Multifunctional Neurotransmitter in Gastropod Molluscs: An Evolutionary Hypothesis.The Biological bulletin · 2020Review
- Computational model of the distributed representation of operant reward memory: combinatoric engagement of intrinsic and synaptic plasticity mechanisms.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Successful and unsuccessful attempts to swallow in a reducedLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2019Article
- Article
- A novel in vitro analog expressing learning-induced cellular correlates in distinct neural circuits.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2017Article
- Change in excitability of a putative decision-making neuron in Aplysia serves as a mechanism in the decision not to feed following food satiation.Behavioural brain research · 2015Article
- Differential activation of an identified motor neuron and neuromodulation provide Aplysia's retractor muscle an additional function.Journal of neurophysiology · 2014Article
- Complementary interactions between command-like interneurons that function to activate and specify motor programs.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2014Article
- Extracellularly identifying motor neurons for a muscle motor pool in Aplysia californica.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2013Article
- Functional differentiation of a population of electrically coupled heterogeneous elements in a microcircuit.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2013Article
- Transient and selective suppression of neural activity with infrared light.Scientific reports · 2013Article
- An in vitro preparation for eliciting and recording feeding motor programs with physiological movements in Aplysia californica.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2012Article
- Functional organization and adaptability of a decision-making network in aplysia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Operant conditioning is characterized by the contingent reinforcement of a designated behavior. Previously, feeding behavior in Aplysia has been demonstrated to be modified by operant conditioning, and a neural pathway (esophageal nerve; E n.) that mediates some aspects of reinforcement has been identified. As a first step toward a cellular analysis of operant conditioning, we developed an in vitro buccal ganglia preparation that expressed the essential features of operant conditioning. Motor patterns that represented at least two different aspects of fictive feeding (i.e., ingestion-like and rejection-like motor patterns) were elicited by tonic stimulation of a peripheral buccal nerve (n.2,3). Three groups of preparations were examined. In a contingent-reinforcement group, stimulation of E n. was contingent on the expression of a specific type of motor pattern (i.e., either ingestion-like or rejection-like). In a yoke-control group, stimulation of E n. was not contingent on any specific pattern. In a control group, E n. was not stimulated. The frequency of the reinforced pattern increased significantly only in the contingent-reinforcement group. No changes were observed in nonreinforced patterns or in the motor patterns of the control and yoke-control groups. Contingent reinforcement of the ingestion-like pattern was associated with an enhancement of activity in motor neuron B8, and this enhancement was specific to the reinforced pattern. These results suggest that the isolated buccal ganglia expressed an essential feature of operant conditioning (i.e., contingent reinforcement modified a designated operant) and that this analog of operant conditioning is accessible to cellular analysis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
9334385PMC6573721W2167981353What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.