ArticleGenes & development1997
Chip, a widely expressed chromosomal protein required for segmentation and activity of a remote wing margin enhancer in Drosophila.
Article in Genes & development, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcription factors as drivers of 3D enhancer-promoter interactions.Current opinion in structural biology · 2026Review
- FlyPredictome: A structural atlas of predicted protein-protein interactions inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Facilitators may represent a new class of regulatory elements.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2026Review
- A Structure-Guided Kinase-Transcription Factor Interactome Atlas Reveals Docking Landscapes of the Kinome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- LDB1 establishes multi-enhancer networks to regulate gene expression.Molecular cell · 2025Article
- Planarian LDB and SSDP proteins scaffold transcriptional complexes for regeneration and patterning.Developmental biology · 2024Article
- LDB1 establishes multi-enhancer networks to regulate gene expression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Enhanced Protein-Protein Interaction Discovery via AlphaFold-Multimer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Structural basis of the interaction between BCL9-Pygo and LDB-SSBP complexes in assembling the Wnt enhanceosome.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Shared retinoic acid responsive enhancers coordinately regulate nascent transcription of Hoxb coding and non-coding RNAs in the developing mouse neural tube.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Human ERG oncoprotein repressesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Cell fate decisions, transcription factors and signaling during early retinal development.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2022Review
- Coming full circle: On the origin and evolution of the looping model for enhancer-promoter communication.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Review
- Enhancer-gene specificity in development and disease.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Review
- Erythroid Cell Research: 3D Chromatin, Transcription Factors and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Regulatory elements can be essential for maintaining broad chromatin organization and cell viability.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Transcriptional Regulation and Implications for ControllingJournal of developmental biology · 2022Review
- Mechanisms of enhancer-promoter communication and chromosomal architecture in mammals andFrontiers in genetics · 2022Review
- Article
- Mechanisms of Enhancer-Promoter Interactions in Higher Eukaryotes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The mechanisms allowing remote enhancers to regulate promoters several kilobase pairs away are unknown but are blocked by the Drosophila suppressor of Hairy-wing protein (Suhw) that binds to gypsy retrovirus insertions between enhancers and promoters. Suhw bound to a gypsy insertion in the cut gene also appears to act interchromosomally to antagonize enhancer-promoter interactions on the homologous chromosome when activity of the Chip gene is reduced. This implicates Chip in enhancer-promoter communication. We cloned Chip and find that it encodes a homolog of the recently discovered mouse Nli/Ldb1/Clim-2 and Xenopus Xldb1 proteins that bind nuclear LIM domain proteins. Chip protein interacts with the LIM domains in the Apterous homeodomain protein, and Chip interacts genetically with apterous, showing that these interactions are important for Apterous function in vivo. Importantly, Chip also appears to have broad functions beyond interactions with LIM domain proteins. Chip is present in all nuclei examined and at numerous sites along the salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Embryos without Chip activity lack segments and show abnormal gap and pair-rule gene expression, although no LIM domain proteins are known to regulate segmentation. We conclude that Chip is a ubiquitous chromosomal factor required for normal expression of diverse genes at many stages of development. We suggest that Chip cooperates with different LIM domain proteins and other factors to structurally support remote enhancer-promoter interactions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.