ArticleGenes & development1997
The HIV transactivator TAT binds to the CDK-activating kinase and activates the phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II.
Article in Genes & development, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 in health and diseases.Trends in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Proteome-wide characterization of PTMs reveals host cell responses to viral infection and identifies putative antiviral drug targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-Delivered Exosomal TAT and BiTE Molecule CD4-αCD3 Facilitate the Elimination of CD4 T Cells Harboring Latent HIV-1.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- When cyclin-dependent kinases meet viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Article
- The nuclear transcription factor, TAF7, is a cytoplasmic regulator of protein synthesis.Science advances · 2021Article
- Identification of Modulators of HIV-1 Proviral Transcription from a Library of FDA-Approved Pharmaceuticals.Viruses · 2020Article
- Spironolactone and XPB: An Old Drug with a New Molecular Target.Biomolecules · 2020Review
- Review
- HIV Transcription Is Independent of Mediator Kinases.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2019Article
- The host cell ubiquitin ligase protein CHIP is a potent suppressor of HIV-1 replication.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
- Therapeutic targeting of transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases.Transcription · 2019Review
- Apobec3A maintains HIV-1 latency through recruitment of epigenetic silencing machinery to the long terminal repeat.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Modulator-Gated, SUMOylation-Mediated, Activity-Dependent Regulation of Ionic Current Densities Contributes to Short-Term Activity Homeostasis.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Article
- The essential and multifunctional TFIIH complex.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2018Review
- Exosomal Tat protein activates latent HIV-1 in primary, resting CD4+ T lymphocytes.JCI insight · 2018Article
- Post-translational Modification-Based Regulation of HIV Replication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Critical Contribution of Tyr15 in the HIV-1 Integrase (IN) in Facilitating IN Assembly and Nonenzymatic Function through the IN Precursor Form with Reverse Transcriptase.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Specific Inhibition of HIV Infection by the Action of Spironolactone in T Cells.Journal of virology · 2016Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus encodes the transcriptional transactivator Tat, which binds to the transactivation response (TAR) RNA stem-loop in the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and increases rates of elongation rather than initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). In this study, we demonstrate that Tat binds directly to the cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), which leads to productive interactions between Tat and the CDK-activating kinase (CAK) complex and between Tat and TFIIH. Tat activates the phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of Pol II by CAK in vitro. The ability of CAK to phosphorylate the CTD can be inhibited specifically by a CDK7 pseudosubstrate peptide that also inhibits transcriptional activation by Tat in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that the phosphorylation of the CTD by CAK is essential for Tat transactivation. Our data identify a cellular protein that interacts with the activation domain of Tat, demonstrate that this interaction is critical for the function of Tat, and provide a mechanism by which Tat increases the processivity of Pol II.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.