Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9326640›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1997

Molecular immune responses of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to bacteria and malaria parasites.

G Dimopoulos, A Richman, H M Müller, F C Kafatos

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
117citing papers in PubMed
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

117 citing papers in PubMed, 381 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  8. Article
  9. Evolution and assembly ofOpen biology · 2023
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  11. Bio-products fromFrontiers in tropical diseases · 2022
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Vector Specificity of Arbovirus Transmission.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Transcriptomic Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2019
    Article
  19. Article
  20. A Gut Symbiotic BacteriumFrontiers in microbiology · 2019
    Article

57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

G DimopoulosEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
A Richman
H M Müller
F C Kafatos
European Molecular Biology Laboratory · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune responses of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae were monitored systematically by the induced expression of five RNA markers after infection challenge. One newly isolated marker encodes a homologue of the moth Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein (GNBP), and another corresponds to a serine protease-like molecule. Additional previously described markers that respond to immune challenge encode the antimicrobial peptide defensin, a putative galactose lectin, and a putative serine protease. Specificity of the immune responses was indicated by differing temporal patterns of induction of specific markers in bacteria-challenged larvae and adults, and by variations in the effectiveness of different microorganisms and their components for marker induction in an immune-responsive cell line. The markers exhibit spatially distinct patterns of expression in the adult female mosquito. Two of them are highly expressed in different regions of the midgut, one in the anterior and the other in the posterior midgut. Marker induction indicates a significant role of the midgut in insect innate immunity. Immune responses to the penetration of the midgut epithelium by a malaria parasite occur both within the midgut itself and elsewhere in the body, suggesting an immune-related signaling process.

Indexed as

Insect ProteinsAcute-Phase ProteinsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsAnophelesAnti-Bacterial AgentsBase SequenceBlood ProteinsBombyxDefensinsDigestive SystemDNA PrimersFemaleGram-Negative BacteriaLarvaMolecular Sequence DataAcute-Phase ProteinsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBlood ProteinsDefensinsDNA PrimersInsect Proteins

Identifiers

PMID9326640
PMCPMC23521
OpenAlexW2171419510

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.