ArticleThe EMBO journal1997
Nuclear translocation and carboxyl-terminal domain phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II delineate the two phases of zygotic gene activation in mammalian embryos.
Article in The EMBO journal, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural degradation of RNA polymerase II is essential for oocyte chromatin reorganization and maternal-to-zygotic transition.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mouse and human embryonic genome activation initiate at the one-cell stage.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- A dual-function SNF2 protein drives chromatid resolution and nascent transcripts removal in mitosis.EMBO reports · 2023Article
- Epigenetic Reprogramming in Early Animal Development.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2022Review
- Genome-wide co-localization of active EGFR and downstream ERK pathway kinases mirrors mitogen-inducible RNA polymerase 2 genomic occupancy.Nucleic acids research · 2016Article
- Cellular analysis of cleavage-stage chick embryos reveals hidden conservation in vertebrate early development.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2015Article
- Nuclear distribution of RNA polymerase II and mRNA processing machinery in early mammalian embryos.BioMed research international · 2014Review
- Changes in histone H3 lysine 36 methylation in porcine oocytes and preimplantation embryos.PloS one · 2014Article
- RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain: Tethering transcription to transcript and template.Chemical reviews · 2013Review
- Article
- On the emerging role of rabbit as human disease model and the instrumental role of novel transgenic tools.Transgenic research · 2012Review
- Transcriptional activity of Hyacinthus orientalis L. female gametophyte cells before and after fertilization.Planta · 2012Article
- Phosphorylation Status of RNA Polymerase II Carboxyl-terminal Domain in Porcine Oocytes and Early Embryos.Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences · 2012Article
- The CDK9/cyclin T1 subunits of P-TEFb in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos: a possible role in embryonic genome activation.BMC developmental biology · 2011Article
- Overexpression of CDC14B causes mitotic arrest and inhibits zygotic genome activation in mouse preimplantation embryos.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2009Article
- TBP2 is essential for germ cell development by regulating transcription and chromatin condensation in the oocyte.Genes & development · 2009Article
- P-TEFb- the final frontier.Cell division · 2009Article
- Cyclin T2 is essential for mouse embryogenesis.Molecular and cellular biology · 2009Article
- RNA polymerase II interacts with the Hspa1b promoter in mouse epididymal spermatozoa.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2009Article
- An essential role for the RNA-binding protein Smaug during the Drosophila maternal-to-zygotic transition.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In mammalian embryos, zygotic gene transcription initiates after a limited number of cell divisions through a two-step process termed the zygotic gene activation (ZGA). Here we report that RNA polymerase II undergoes major changes in mouse and rabbit preimplantation embryos during the ZGA. In transcriptionally inactive unfertilized oocytes, the RNA polymerase II largest subunit is predominantly hyperphosphorylated on its carboxy-terminal domain (CTD). The CTD is markedly dephosphorylated several hours after fertilization, before the onset of a period characterized by a weak transcriptional activity. The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II then lacks immunological and drug-sensitivity characteristics related to its phosphorylation by the TFIIH-associated kinase and gradually translocates into the nuclei independently of DNA replication and mitosis. A phosphorylation pattern of the largest subunit, close to that observed in somatic cells, is established in both mouse and rabbit embryos at the stage when transcription becomes a requirement for further development (respectively at the 2- and 8/16-cell stage). As these events occurred in the presence of actinomycin D, the nuclear translocation of RNA polymerase II and the phosphorylation of the CTD might be major determinants of ZGA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.