ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)1997
Addiction is a brain disease, and it matters.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01015170 (The STOP Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 384 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The STOP Study: Real World Effectiveness of Zyban Treatment in a Clinical Population
Who cites it
384 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,552 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-ancestry meta-analysis of opioid use disorder uncovers novel loci with predominant effects in brain regions associated with addiction.Nature neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical practice guideline of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women.Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico · 2022Guideline
- Lower regional grey matter in alcohol use disorders: evidence from a voxel-based meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Are mental disorders related to disbelief in free will? A systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- A Patient-Tailored Evidence-Based Approach for Developing Early Neuropsychological Training Programs in Addiction Settings.Neuropsychology review · 2019Pooled it
- Evaluating the Effects of Yoga on the Body Mass Index and Heart Rate among Individuals with Substance Use Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Trial
- The Effect of Digital Addiction Training on University Students' Digital Addiction, Sleep Quality, and Orexin-A Levels: Randomized Controlled Trial.BMC psychology · 2025Trial
- Three Contrasting Accounts of Electronic Gambling Machine Related Harm: Impacts on Community Views Towards Gambling Policy and Responsibility.Journal of gambling studies · 2024Trial
- Patients' experiences of continued treatment with extended-release naltrexone: a Norwegian qualitative study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2022Trial
- Palliative care for patients with a substance use disorder and multiple problems: a study protocol.BMC palliative care · 2018Trial
- Co-treating opioid and alcohol use disorders in the United States, 1960-2026: A historical policy review in the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) era.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Review
- Policy and practice recommendations for residential addiction treatment: a qualitative investigation on increasing equity in treatment for Black patients.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- "In My Community, if You're an Addict, People Don't Just Look Down on You for the Drugs, but for Being Black, Too": Black and Latine Methadone Patients' Experiences Around Addiction, Methadone Treatment, and Intersectional Stigma.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- What is the Addictive Potential from Vaping?Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2026Article
- The neurobiological cravings signature (NCS) as a predictive neuromarker of clinical outcomes in alcohol use disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Patterns and Correlates of Co-occurring Smoking, Alcohol Use, Gambling, and High Internet Use Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Türkiye.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Anterior Insula Activity during Alcohol and Social Reward Self-Administration and Choice in Male and Female Rats.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Abusive Practices, Self-regulation Strategies, and the Language of Addiction: Narratives Surrounding Problematic Smartphone Use in Southeastern Spanish Youth.Culture, medicine and psychiatry · 2026Article
- Assessment of treatment efficacy for codeine-containing cough syrup dependence using single-photon emission computed tomography.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- The Impact of a Registry-Based Environmental Risk Score on Episodes of Alcohol Use Disorder and Drug Use Disorder in Swedish National Samples.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
324 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Scientific advances over the past 20 years have shown that drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease that results from the prolonged effects of drugs on the brain. As with many other brain diseases, addiction has embedded behavioral and social-context aspects that are important parts of the disorder itself. Therefore, the most effective treatment approaches will include biological, behavioral, and social-context components. Recognizing addiction as a chronic, relapsing brain disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use can impact society's overall health and social policy strategies and help diminish the health and social costs associated with drug abuse and addiction.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.