ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR1997
DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and the 4-quinolones.
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 535 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
535 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Antimicrobial resistance in fish and poultry: Public health implications for animal source food production in Nigeria, Egypt, and South Africa.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2022Pooled it
- Fluoroquinolone-related adverse events resulting in health service use and costs: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Efficacy and tolerability of a 4-month ofloxacin-containing regimen compared to a 6-month regimen in the treatment of patients with superficial lymph node tuberculosis: a randomized trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- The SOS response acts as a regulatory switch that balances helicase anti-recombination with transcription-replication conflict resolution activities in Escherichia coli.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of ordered PLA fiber membranes fabricated via electrospinning technology.iScience · 2026Article
- Genetic analysis of epistasis between nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination in the recovery of persisters after fluoroquinolone treatment.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Halogen-tuned tripodal Schiff base ligands: synthesis, antibacterial activity, and DFT-guided mechanistic insights.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Universal-BacMicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Comparative pathogenomics and in silico analysis of energy metabolism in Acinetobacter baumannii ST195 and novel Turkish isolates encoding blaOXA-23, blaOXA-66, and blaOXA-852.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Current Recommendations, Antibiotic Resistance, and Emerging Treatments for Gram-Positive Ocular Infections in the United States.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Antibiotic resistance mechanisms and global resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in microbial keratitis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- SOS-mediated prophage induction constrains resistance evolution to DNA-damaging antibiotics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Antibiotic exposure and recovery of persister states influence virulence phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Non-canonical double-stranded DNA break repair in Pseudomonas aeruginosa includes LigD-independent non-homologous end joining.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Amoxicillin Modulate Biofilm Formation and the Expression of Biofilm-Associated Genes inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Synergistic Effects of IMP-1700, Ciprofloxacin, and X-Ray Radiation in Bacteria and Mammalian Cell Lines: Implications for Use in Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Framework for evaluating explainable AI in antimicrobial drug discovery.Journal of cheminformatics · 2026Article
- Design, synthesis, and antibacterial assessment of a new series of ciprofloxacin-based compounds as possible dual DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV inhibitors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Protective role of VitC, Glutathione and Sodium Pyruvate against antibiotic-induced oxidative damage in Escherichia coli.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Antibiotic-Loaded PLA Composites for Local Prevention of Implant-Associated Infections: Comparative Evaluation Against Reference Strains and Clinical Isolates.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
475 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
For many years, DNA gyrase was thought to be responsible both for unlinking replicated daughter chromosomes and for controlling negative superhelical tension in bacterial DNA. However, in 1990 a homolog of gyrase, topoisomerase IV, that had a potent decatenating activity was discovered. It is now clear that topoisomerase IV, rather than gyrase, is responsible for decatenation of interlinked chromosomes. Moreover, topoisomerase IV is a target of the 4-quinolones, antibacterial agents that had previously been thought to target only gyrase. The key event in quinolone action is reversible trapping of gyrase-DNA and topoisomerase IV-DNA complexes. Complex formation with gyrase is followed by a rapid, reversible inhibition of DNA synthesis, cessation of growth, and induction of the SOS response. At higher drug concentrations, cell death occurs as double-strand DNA breaks are released from trapped gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV complexes. Repair of quinolone-induced DNA damage occurs largely via recombination pathways. In many gram-negative bacteria, resistance to moderate levels of quinolone arises from mutation of the gyrase A protein and resistance to high levels of quinolone arises from mutation of a second gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV site. For some gram-positive bacteria, the situation is reversed: primary resistance occurs through changes in topoisomerase IV while gyrase changes give additional resistance. Gyrase is also trapped on DNA by lethal gene products of certain large, low-copy-number plasmids. Thus, quinolone-topoisomerase biology is providing a model for understanding aspects of host-parasite interactions and providing ways to investigate manipulation of the bacterial chromosome by topoisomerases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.