ArticleInfection and immunity1997
Streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin Z, a novel acidic superantigenic toxin produced by a T1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physiological characteristics, geochemical properties and hydrological variables influencing pathogen migration in subsurface system: What we know or not?Geoscience frontiers · 2022Article
- The virulence factors of group A streptococcus strains isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections in Polish and German centres, 2009-2011.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2017Article
- Structure and Interactions of a Dimeric Variant of sHIP, a Novel Virulence Determinant of Streptococcus pyogenes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Functional and structural properties of a novel protein and virulence factor (Protein sHIP) in Streptococcus pyogenes.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
- Bacterial superantigens promote acute nasopharyngeal infection by Streptococcus pyogenes in a human MHC Class II-dependent manner.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- The contribution of group A streptococcal virulence determinants to the pathogenesis of sepsis.Virulence · 2014Review
- Complete genome sequencing and analysis of a Lancefield group G Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strain causing streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS).BMC genomics · 2011Article
- Streptococcus adherence and colonization.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2009Review
- First Streptococcus pyogenes signature-tagged mutagenesis screen identifies novel virulence determinants.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Genetic analysis of group A streptococcus isolates recovered during acute glomerulonephritis outbreaks in Guizhou Province of China.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2009Article
- Site-specific manifestations of invasive group a streptococcal disease: type distribution and corresponding patterns of virulence determinants.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2003Article
- Superantigens and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.Emerging infectious diseases · 2003Article
- Major outbreak of toxic shock-like syndrome caused by Streptococcus mitis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2003Article
- Dissemination of the phage-associated novel superantigen gene speL in recent invasive and noninvasive Streptococcus pyogenes M3/T3 isolates in Japan.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Enterococcus faecium-related outbreak with molecular evidence of transmission from pigs to humans.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2002Article
- Pyrogenicity and cytokine-inducing properties of Streptococcus pyogenes superantigens: comparative study of streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin Z and pyrogenic exotoxin A.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Functional characterization of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin J, a novel superantigen.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2000Review
- The streptococcal superantigen SMEZ exhibits wide allelic variation, mosaic structure, and significant antigenic variation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2000Article
- Risk factors in the pathogenesis of invasive group A streptococcal infections: role of protective humoral immunity.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes T1 was previously found to produce an acidic mitogenic exotoxin, designated A beta, antigenically distinct from erythrogenic toxin type A (ETA) of strains T1 and NY5. Following chemical analysis and biological characterization, we have renamed this toxin streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin Z (SMEZ). Physicochemical separation of SMEZ from ETA was successfully performed on a hydrophobic chromatograph. The isoelectric point was pH 5.3, and the molecular size was estimated to be 28 kDa. These values were similar to those of ETA, but the amino acid composition and the NH2-terminal sequence of SMEZ were distinct from those of any mitogenic exotoxins hitherto described. Its mitogenic activity was found to be more potent than that of ETA in rabbit lymphocyte cultures. A specific antiserum raised against SMEZ did not cross-react with ETA, ETB, or ETC in the neutralization tests of mitogenic and erythrogenic activities. Its superantigenic nature was evident from the reverse transcriptase PCR findings of the T-cell receptor Vbeta profiles of rabbit lymphocytes stimulated in vitro. The Vbeta 8 subfamily was unique to SMEZ, while the Vbeta 2 and 6 subfamilies were found to be common among lymphocytes stimulated with ETA, ETB, ETC, or SMEZ. The results from this study provide an additional example of the diversity that exists among mitogenic or superantigenic exotoxins of streptococcal origin.
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