ArticleJournal of virology1997
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vitro by a novel combination of anti-Tat single-chain intrabodies and NF-kappa B antagonists.
Article in Journal of virology, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune regulation by erythroid cells: how erythroid progenitor cells and mature red blood cells shape immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Applying Antibodies Inside Cells: Principles and Recent Advances in Neurobiology, Virology and Oncology.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2020Review
- CD71mBio · 2019Article
- Review of Current Cell-Penetrating Antibody Developments for HIV-1 Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Expression of Functional Anti-p24 scFv 183-H12-5C in HEK293T and Jurkat T Cells.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2017Article
- Detection of human parvovirus B19 in papillary thyroid carcinoma.British journal of cancer · 2008Article
- Nuclear Factor 90(NF90) targeted to TAR RNA inhibits transcriptional activation of HIV-1.Retrovirology · 2007Article
- Recombinant single-chain Fv antibodies that recognize the p25 protein of the Maedi-Visna virus.Folia microbiologica · 2003Article
- The production and application of single-chain antibody fragments.Folia microbiologica · 2003Review
- Anti-TAR polyamide nucleotide analog conjugated with a membrane-permeating peptide inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 production.Journal of virology · 2002Article
- Epidermal growth factor-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation: A major pathway of cell-cycle progression in estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2000Article
- Design and intracellular activity of a human single-chain antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 conserved gp41 epitope.Journal of virology · 2000Article
- In vitro selection identifies key determinants for loop-loop interactions: RNA aptamers selective for the TAR RNA element of HIV-1.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 1999Article
- Generation of recombinant antibodies.Molecular biotechnology · 1999Review
- Nitric oxide inhibits HIV tat-induced NF-kappaB activation.The American journal of pathology · 1999Article
- Gene therapy for HIV infections: Intracellular immunization.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses · 1999Article
- Chemokines and HIV-1 second receptors: the therapeutic connection.Nature medicine · 1998Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat, an early regulatory protein that is critical for viral gene expression and replication, transactivates the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) via its binding to the transactivation response element (TAR) and, along with other cellular factors, increases viral transcription initiation and elongation. Tat also superactivates the HIV-1 promoter through a TAR-independent mechanism, including tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced and protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent activation of NF-kappa B, and inhibitors of Tat and NF-kappa B cooperatively down-regulate this Tat-mediated LTR superactivation. In this study, a combined pharmacologic and genetic strategy using two PKC (NF-kappa B) inhibitors, pentoxifylline (PTX) and Gö-6976, and a stably expressed anti-Tat single-chain intracellular antibody (sFv intrabody) was employed to obtain cooperative inhibition of both HIV-1 LTR-driven gene expression and HIV-1 replication. Treatment of cells with PTX and Gö-6976 resulted in cooperative inhibition of both HIV-1 LTR-driven gene expression and HIV-1 replication. In addition, the combined use of anti-Tat sFv intrabodies and the two NF-kappa B inhibitors retained the virus in the latent state for as long as 45 days. The combined treatment resulted in more durable inhibition of HIV-1 replication than was seen with the NF-kappa B inhibitors alone or the anti-Tat sFv intrabodies alone. Together, these results suggest that in future clinical gene therapy trials, a combined pharmacologic and genetic strategy like the one reported here may improve the survival of transduced cells and prolong clinical benefit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.