ReviewEnvironmental health perspectives1997
Cytogenetic markers of susceptibility: influence of polymorphic carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes.
Review in Environmental health perspectives, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 genes and chromosomal aberrations in lung cancer patients.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2017Article
- Identification of novel potential genetic predictors of urothelial bladder carcinoma susceptibility in Pakistani population.Familial cancer · 2017Article
- Genotoxic risk assessment in professionals working hairdressers area using buccal micronucleus assay, in Aydın City, Turkey.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Wider action plan and multidisciplinar approach could be a wining idea in creation of friendly environment.Journal of environmental and public health · 2012Article
- Relationship between the Glutathione-S-Transferase P1, M1, and T1 Genotypes and Prostate Cancer Risk in Korean Subjects.Korean journal of urology · 2011Article
- Similarities and differences in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes between human hepatic cell lines and primary human hepatocytes.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2011Article
- Effect of gene polymorphisms and ethanol consumption on micronucleus frequency in human reticulocytes: a preliminary study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2010Article
- International variation.Oncogene · 2004Review
- Interactive effect of the glutathione S-transferase genes and cigarette smoking on occurrence and severity of coronary artery risk.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2003Article
- 12th meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals: susceptibility to environmental hazards.Environmental health perspectives · 1997Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, responsible for individual differences in metabolic activation and detoxification reactions, may profoundly modulate the effects of chemical carcinogens. In the case of genotoxic carcinogens, differences in biological effects due to genetic polymorphisms can be evaluated by cytogenetic methods such as the analysis of chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), micronuclei (MN), and changes in chromosome number. These techniques can be applied to any exposure known to induce such alterations, without additional method development for each exposing agent. The influence of polymorphic genes on the cytogenetic effects of a carcinogen can quickly be tested in vitro using metabolically competent cells collected from donors representing different genotypes or phenotypes. For instance, erythrocytes from individuals positive for glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) express GSTT1, whereas GSTT1-null donors, having a homozygous deletion of the GSTT1 gene, completely lack this detoxification enzyme. This deficiency results in highly increased sensitivity to SCE induction in whole-blood lymphocyte cultures by 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane, a reactive metabolite of 1,3-butadiene. The same cytogenetic techniques can also be applied as effect biomarkers in studies of human populations exposed to genotoxic carcinogens. For example, elevated rates of chromosome damage have been detected among smokers lacking glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1-null genotype), and the baseline level of SCEs seems to be increased in GSTT1-null individuals. Information obtained from cytogenetic studies of genetic polymorphisms can be used, for example, to recognize the genotoxically relevant substrates of the polymorphic enzymes, to identify genotypes that are susceptible to these genotoxins, to improve in vitro genotoxicity tests utilizing human cells, to increase the sensitivity of cytogenetic endpoints as biomarkers of genotoxic effects in humans, and to direct mechanistic studies and cancer epidemiology.
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