ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1997
Both thyroid hormone and 9-cis retinoic acid receptors are required to efficiently mediate the effects of thyroid hormone on embryonic development and specific gene regulation in Xenopus laevis.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinoid-X receptor action and disruption in development.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- Understanding thyroid hormone receptor function in controlling developmental timing and rate in Xenopus: A journey from biochemistry and molecular biology to genetics.General and comparative endocrinology · 2026Review
- The dual function model revisited by thyroid hormone receptor knockouts: Unliganded state controlling the initiation of adult organ development while liganded state ensuring larval tissue resorption during metamorphosis.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- Functions and Mechanism of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Action During Amphibian Development.Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Steroid-receptor coactivator complexes in thyroid hormone-regulation of Xenopus metamorphosis.Vitamins and hormones · 2023Article
- In a zebrafish biomedical model of human Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome impaired MTH signaling leads to decreased neural cell diversity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Upregulation of proto-oncogene ski by thyroid hormone in the intestine and tail during Xenopus metamorphosis.General and comparative endocrinology · 2022Article
- Review
- Retinoid-X receptor agonists increase thyroid hormone competence in lower jaw remodeling of pre-metamorphic Xenopus laevis tadpoles.PloS one · 2022Article
- Life Without Thyroid Hormone Receptor.Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Article
- Thyroid hormone directly activates mitochondrial fission process 1 (Mtfp1) gene transcription during adult intestinal stem cell development and proliferation in Xenopus tropicalis.General and comparative endocrinology · 2020Article
- Organ-Specific Requirements for Thyroid Hormone Receptor Ensure Temporal Coordination of Tissue-Specific Transformations and Completion ofThyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2020Article
- Direct activation of tRNA methyltransferase-like 1 (Mettl1) gene by thyroid hormone receptor implicates a role in adult intestinal stem cell development and proliferation duringCell & bioscience · 2020Article
- Functional Studies of Transcriptional Cofactors via Microinjection-Mediated Gene Editing in Xenopus.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2019Article
- RXR Ligands Modulate Thyroid Hormone Signaling Competence in Young Xenopus laevis Tadpoles.Endocrinology · 2018Article
- Role of Thyroid Hormone Receptor in Amphibian Development.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2018Article
- Responses of growth, malformation, and thyroid hormone-dependent genes expression in Bufo gargarizans embryos following chronic exposure to PbEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Controls Developmental Timing and Regulates the Rate and Coordination of Tissue-Specific Metamorphosis in Xenopus tropicalis.Endocrinology · 2017Article
- Regulation of growth rate and developmental timing by Xenopus thyroid hormone receptor α.Development, growth & differentiation · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tissue culture transfection and in vitro biochemical studies have suggested that heterodimers of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and 9-cis retinoic acid receptors (RXRs) are the likely in vivo complexes that mediate the biological effects of thyroid hormone, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). However, direct in vivo evidence for such a hypothesis has been lacking. We have previously reported a close correlation between the coordinated expression of TR and RXR genes and tissue-dependent temporal regulation of organ transformations during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis. By introducing TRs and RXRs either individually or together into developing Xenopus embryos, we demonstrate here that RXRs are critical for the developmental function of TRs. Precocious expression of TRs and RXRs together but not individually leads to drastic, distinct embryonic abnormalities, depending upon the presence or absence of T3, and these developmental effects require the same receptor domains as those required for transcriptional regulation by TR-RXR heterodimers. More importantly, the overexpressed TR-RXR heterodimers faithfully regulate endogenous T3 response genes that are normally regulated by T3 only during metamorphosis. That is, they repress the genes in the absence of T3 and activate them in the presence of the hormone. On the other hand, the receptors have no effect on a retinoic acid (RA) response gene. Thus, RA- and T3 receptor-mediated teratogenic effects in Xenopus embryos occur through distinct molecular pathways, even though the resulting phenotypes have similarities.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.