ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology1997
Multiplex reverse transcription-PCR for surveillance of influenza A and B viruses in England and Wales in 1995 and 1996.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of picornaviruses in flu-like illnesses of adults enrolled in an oseltamivir treatment study who had no evidence of influenza virus infection.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2002Trial
- Biosensor Technologies for Avian Influenza Detection: A New Frontier in Rapid Diagnostics for HPAI.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Overcoming Challenges in Avian Influenza Diagnosis: The Role of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Poultry Health Monitoring.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- H5N1 Avian Influenza: A Narrative Review of Scientific Advances and Global Policy Challenges.Viruses · 2025Review
- Enabling genomic surveillance from 30 years of linked English sentinel network data: The Wellcome Quinquagenarian (QQG) Biomedical Resource.Wellcome open research · 2025Article
- Advances in Detection Techniques for the H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Simultaneous Detection of Influenza A/B, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swabs by One-Tube Multiplex Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- The Microbial Etiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: from Classical Bacteriology to Host Transcriptional Signatures.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- Detection of Respiratory Viruses from ARTI Patients by xTAG RVP Fast v2 Assay and Conventional Methods.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2017Article
- Is the onset of influenza in the community age-related?Epidemiology and infection · 2016Article
- Picornavirus-Induced Airway Mucosa Immune Profile in Asymptomatic Neonates.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Multiplex RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assays for detection and subtyping of human influenza virus in Tunisia.Current microbiology · 2015Article
- High-throughput multiplexed xMAP Luminex array panel for detection of twenty two medically important mosquito-borne arboviruses based on innovations in synthetic biology.Journal of virological methods · 2015Article
- Molecular characterization of influenza viruses collected from young children in Uberlandia, Brazil - from 2001 to 2010.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Tools to detect influenza virus.Yonsei medical journal · 2013Review
- High morbidity and mortality associated with an outbreak of influenza A(H3N2) in a psycho-geriatric facility.Epidemiology and infection · 2013Article
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in primary care investigated by real-time PCR in England and Wales.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2011Article
- Performance of rapid influenza testing in hospitalized children.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2010Article
- [Seasonal flu].Pathologie-biologie · 2010Review
- Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of an outbreak of novel H1N1 (swine origin) influenza A virus among United States military beneficiaries.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple-target (multiplex) reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for detection, typing, and subtyping of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza type A (H3N2 and H1N1) and type B viruses was developed and applied prospectively to virological surveillance of influenza in England in the 1995-1996 winter season. During this season both influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 viruses were circulating, although at different times. Six hundred nineteen combined nose and throat swabs taken by general practitioners in sentinel practices from individuals presenting with "influenzalike illness" were analyzed by culture, multiplex RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. Of the 619 samples, 246 (39.7%) were positive by multiplex RT-PCR compared with 200 (32.3%) which yielded influenza viruses on culture. There was 100% correlation between multiplex RT-PCR typing and subtyping and the influenza types and subtypes obtained from culture. There was also excellent correlation between the temporal detection of influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 viruses by multiplex RT-PCR and by culture. During the peak weeks of influenza virus activity, a total of 259 specimens were received, of which 101 (38.9%) yielded influenza viruses on culture while 149 (57.5%) were positive in multiplex RT-PCR, providing an increase in detection of influenza viruses of approximately 20%. The increased detection of influenza virus occurred in all the age groups sampled. Samples which were positive by multiplex RT-PCR but negative by culture were not detected significantly earlier or later in the winter of 1995-1996 but were detected during the peak weeks of clinical influenza virus activity. Multiplex RT-PCR was successfully used in surveillance of influenza to provide accurate, sensitive diagnosis directly on clinical specimens sent through the post.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.