ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1997
Transcription of the HS2 enhancer toward a cis-linked gene is independent of the orientation, position, and distance of the enhancer relative to the gene.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Active enhancers: recent research advances and insights into disease.Biology direct · 2024Review
- Shared retinoic acid responsive enhancers coordinately regulate nascent transcription of Hoxb coding and non-coding RNAs in the developing mouse neural tube.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Systematic comparison of CRISPR-based transcriptional activators uncovers gene-regulatory features of enhancer-promoter interactions.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Regulatory elements can be essential for maintaining broad chromatin organization and cell viability.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Transcriptional Regulation and Implications for ControllingJournal of developmental biology · 2022Review
- Perspective: Quality Versus Quantity; Is It Important to Assess the Role of Enhancers in Complex Disease from an In Vivo Perspective?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Evolution of Regulated Transcription.Cells · 2020Review
- Functional Characterization of a Dual Enhancer/Promoter Regulatory Element Leading HumanFrontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Developmental enhancers and chromosome topology.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Review
- The chicken erythrocyte epigenome.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2016Article
- Article
- Review
- Eukaryotic enhancers: common features, regulation, and participation in diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2015Review
- Chromatin looping and eRNA transcription precede the transcriptional activation of gene in the β-globin locus.Bioscience reports · 2015Article
- Enhancer RNAs participate in androgen receptor-driven looping that selectively enhances gene activation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- Cis-acting noncoding RNAs: friends and foes.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2012Review
- Lineage-specific adjacent IFNG and IL26 genes share a common distal enhancer element.Genes and immunity · 2012Article
- Article
- Non-coding RNAs as regulators of gene expression and epigenetics.Cardiovascular research · 2011Review
- Long non-coding RNAs and enhancers.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The locus control region (LCR) regulates transcription of the downstream beta-like globin genes 10 to 50 kb away. Among hypersensitive sites HS4, -3, -2, and -1, which define the LCR in erythroid cells, HS2 possesses prominent enhancer function. The mechanism by which the HS2 enhancer and other functional components of the LCR act over the distance is not clear. We have used reverse transcription-PCR and RNase protection assays to analyze the transcriptional statuses of both the endogenous and the transfected HS2 enhancer in erythroid K562 cells. A novel pattern of HS2 enhancer transcription was observed. The endogenous HS2 enhancer was transcribed predominantly in the direction toward the downstream globin genes. The HS2 enhancer in transfected recombinant chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) plasmids was also transcribed predominantly toward the CAT gene, regardless of whether the enhancer was placed (i) in the genomic or reverse genomic orientation, (ii) in a position 5' or 3' to the gene, or (iii) at various distances up to 6 kb from the gene. The orientation, position, and distance independence in gene-tropic transcription of the HS2 enhancer correlates with the observed orientation, position, and distance independence of HS2 enhancer function and suggests that enhancer transcription may play a role in enhancer function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.