ArticleBritish journal of cancer1997
High incidence of interleukin 10 mRNA but not interleukin 2 mRNA detected in human breast tumours.
Article in British journal of cancer, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Esketamine Combined with Ultrasound-Guided Pectoral Nerve Block Type II on the Quality of Early Postoperative Recovery in Patients Undergoing a Modified Radical Mastectomy for Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pain research · 2022Trial
- Benefits in radical mastectomy protocol: a randomized trial evaluating the use of regional anesthesia.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Article
- A Survey on the Role of Interleukin-10 in Breast Cancer: A Narrative.Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2018Article
- Hypermethylation of IFN-γ in oral cancer tissues.Clinical oral investigations · 2017Article
- Interleukin 2 and interleukin 10 function synergistically to promote CD8The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology · 2017Article
- Is Interleukin 10 (IL10) Expression in Breast Cancer a Marker of Poor Prognosis?Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2016Article
- Review
- Characterization and Clinical Implication of Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokines Produced from Three-Dimensionally Cultured Tumor Tissues Resected from Breast Cancer Patients.Translational oncology · 2015Article
- Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment: tumor-induced immunosuppressive factors paralyze T cells.Oncoimmunology · 2015Review
- Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Malignant Gliomas: Parallels at Non-CNS Sites.Frontiers in oncology · 2015Review
- Methylation patterns of the IFN-γ gene in cervical cancer tissues.Scientific reports · 2014Article
- Pretreatment levels of circulating Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and their ratios, are associated with ER-negative and triple negative breast cancers.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2013Article
- The SNP at -592 of human IL-10 gene is associated with serum IL-10 levels and increased risk for human papillomavirus cervical lesion development.Infectious agents and cancer · 2012Article
- Interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 production by mononuclear cells from patients with advanced head and neck cancer.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2012Article
- Interleukin 10 in the tumor microenvironment: a target for anticancer immunotherapy.Immunologic research · 2011Review
- Immune therapy for breast cancer in 2010-hype or hope?Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2011Article
- Association between the expression of IL-10 and T cell activation proteins loss in early breast cancer patients.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2009Article
- The effect of dexamethasone on polyclonal T cell activation and redirected target cell lysis as induced by a CD19/CD3-bispecific single-chain antibody construct.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2007Article
- Human interleukin 24 (MDA-7/IL-24) protein kills breast cancer cells via the IL-20 receptor and is antagonized by IL-10.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the presence of a lymphocytic infiltrate in solid cancers, the failure for tumour growth to be contained suggests an inadequate immune response to the tumour. Poor cytotoxicity exerted by tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) against tumour cells in vitro, combined with continued tumour growth in vivo, suggests deficiencies in TIL function or numbers. Various theories have been postulated to explain how tumour cells may escape immunosurveillance and control. One of the many hypotheses is the failure of production of cytokines, which are necessary for T cells to mediate their function. Thus, the expression of cytokine mRNA in human breast tumour sections was investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with cytokine-specific primers. A relatively consistent finding was detection of interleukin (IL) 10 mRNA among the tumours. No IL-2 and little IL-4 mRNA was detected in the tumours. IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA was detected in only one and two of the normal breast tissues respectively. IL-2, IL-4 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA was not detected in any of the normal breast tissues. The reduced function of TILs may be related to IL-10, which has known inhibitory effects on T-cell activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.