Subcellular structure containing mRNA for beta subunit of mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase in rat hepatocytes is translationally active.

We have recently reported that the nuclear-encoded mRNA for the beta subunit of mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (beta-mRNA) is localized in rounded, electron-dense clusters in the cytoplasm of rat hepatocytes. Clusters of beta-mRNA are often found in close proximity to mitochondria. These findings suggested a role for these structures in controlling the cytoplasmic expression and sorting of the encoded mitochondrial precursor. Here we have addressed the question of whether the structures containing beta-mRNA are translationally active. For this purpose a combination of high-resolution in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical procedures was used. Three different co-localization criteria showed that beta-mRNA-containing structures always revealed positive immunoreactive signals for mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (F1-ATPase), ribosomal and hsc70 proteins. Furthermore, clusters show evidence in situ of developmental changes in the translational efficiency of the beta-mRNA. These findings suggest that structures containing beta-mRNA are translationally active irrespective of their cytoplasmic location. The immunocytochemical quantification of the cytoplasmic presentation of hsc70 in the hepatocyte reveals that approx. 86% of the protein has a dispersed distribution pattern. However, the remaining hsc70 is presented in clusters of which only half reveal positive hybridization for beta-mRNA. The interaction of hsc70 with the beta-F1-ATPase precursor protein is documented by the co-localization of F1-ATPase immunoreactive material within cytoplasmic clusters of hsc70 and by the co-immunoprecipitation of hsc70 with the beta-subunit precursor from liver post-mitochondrial supernatants. Taken together, these results suggest a role for hsc70 in the translation/sorting pathway of the mammalian precursor of the beta-F1-ATPase protein.