ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1997
Developmental regulation, expression, and apoptotic potential of galectin-9, a beta-galactoside binding lectin.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 275 citations in OpenAlex.
- Galectin-9 is a restrictor of infection with multiple enteroviruses.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Rhamnose alleviates the proinflammatory response during endotoxemia via the CEACAM1/LGALS9-p38 axis.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- Immunohistochemical Profiling of Immune Checkpoints in Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Tissue.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Role of galectin-9 in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dichotomous effects of Galectin-9 in disease modulation in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025Article
- Galectins and Liver Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Role of Galectin-1 in the Pathogenesis of Melanoma.Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics · 2025Article
- Galectin-9 - ligand axis: an emerging therapeutic target for multiple myeloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Single-cell atlas of rainbow trout peripheral blood leukocytes and profiling of their early response to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The role of galectins in mediating the adhesion of circulating cells to vascular endothelium.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Transcriptional profile of human thymus reveals IGFBP5 is correlated with age-related thymic involution.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The role of galectins in immunity and infection.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- Galectin-9 in Gastroenterological Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- On the complexity of IgE: The role of structural flexibility and glycosylation for binding its receptors.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Review
- Article
- Galectins: An Ancient Family of Carbohydrate Binding Proteins with Modern Functions.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Chemokines modulate glycan binding and the immunoregulatory activity of galectins.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Review
- Lgals9 deficiency ameliorates obesity by modulating redox state of PRDX2.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Molecular Identification and mRNA Expression Profiles of Galectin-9 Gene in Red Sea Bream (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Galectin-9, a beta-galactoside binding lectin, has recently been isolated from murine embryonic kidney. In this study, its biological functions and expression in embryonic, newborn, and adult mice tissues were investigated. By Northern blot analyses, it was found widely distributed and its expression was developmentally regulated. In situ hybridization studies revealed an accentuated expression of galectin-9 in liver and thymus of embryonic mice. In postnatal mice, antigalectin-9 immunoreactivity was observed in various tissues, including thymic epithelial cells. The high expression of galectin-9 in the thymus led us to investigate its role in the clonal deletion of thymocytes. Fusion proteins were generated, which retained lactose-binding activity like the endogenous galectin-9. Galectin-9, at 2.5 microM concentration, induced apoptosis in approximately 30% of the thymocytes, as assessed by terminal deoxytransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling method. The apoptotic effect was dose dependent and lactose inhibitable. At higher concentrations, it induced homotypic aggregation of the thymocytes. Electron microscopy revealed approximately 60% of the thymocytes undergoing apoptosis in the presence of galectin-9. By immunofluorescence microscopy, some of the thymocytes undergoing apoptosis had plasmalemmal bound galectin-9. Galectin-9 failed to induce apoptosis in hepatocytes. Taken together, these findings indicate that galectin-9, a developmentally regulated lectin, plays a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.