Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9125535›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity1997

Early gamma interferon responses in lethal and nonlethal murine blood-stage malaria.

J B De Souza, K H Williamson, T Otani, J H Playfair

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
81citing papers in PubMed
8.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

81 citing papers in PubMed, 179 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Early enhanced control ofInfection and immunity · 2026
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  2. Early enhanced control ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  3. Article
  4. T follicular helper cell development during malaria.Current opinion in immunology · 2025
    Review
  5. Antiplasmodial and immunomodulatory activities of dichloromethane extract ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. CD4 T Cell-Dependent and -Independent Roles for IFN-γ in Blood-Stage Malaria.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Immune Modulation in Malaria.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. A population of CD4Clinical & translational immunology · 2020
    Article
  19. Effect of FormulatedEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020
    Article
  20. Review

21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

J B De SouzaDepartment of Immunology, University College London Medical School, United Kingdom.
K H Williamson
T Otani
J H Playfair
University College London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study was undertaken to explore early differences in cytokine production during nonlethal and lethal blood-stage murine malaria infections. Cytokine analysis of spleens during these infections showed that the principal difference between two nonlethal and two lethal Plasmodium species was the production of gamma interferon 24 h after infection with nonlethal parasites. In contrast, no increases in interleukin-4 production were observed in the first 24 h and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels increased equally in both nonlethal and lethal infections. During the later phase of infection with nonlethal parasites, both gamma interferon and interleukin-4 levels increased markedly a few days before parasite clearance. Early increases in gamma interferon production in nonlethal infections of Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium chabaudi were dose related and increased significantly with the size of the inoculum. Studies with the nonlethal P. yoelii suggest that the early gamma interferon response is mediated by T cells and natural killer cells, as it was reduced in athymic mice and in mice depleted of their natural killer cells by treatment with specific antiserum. Infecting mice with increasing numbers of lethal P. yoelii and Plasmodium berghei parasites did not increase the amount of gamma interferon, interleukin-4, and tumor necrosis factor alpha produced in a dose-dependent fashion. We conclude that one consequence of the early production of gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, particularly after nonlethal P. yoelii infection, may be to adjust the balance of T-helper cell subset activation, and probably that of other immune responses, so as to enhance the mechanisms that are essential for elimination of the parasites. This suggests that a successful vaccine should contain antigens capable of inducing such responses.

Indexed as

Plasmodium chabaudiPlasmodium yoeliiAnimalsDose-Response Relationship, ImmunologicImmunocompromised HostInterferon-gammaInterleukin-4Killer Cells, NaturalMalariaMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C57BLMice, NudeSpleenT-LymphocytesTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaInterferon-gammaInterleukin-4Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Identifiers

PMID9125535
PMCPMC175180
OpenAlexW2097210912

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.