ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy1996
Multiple efflux mechanisms are involved in Candida albicans fluconazole resistance.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug-resistant oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- The molecular basis of intrinsic resistance to azoles inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Does the use of topical azoles have an impact on antifungal resistance?The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Adaptation of Candida albicans to specific host environments by gain-of-function mutations in transcription factors.PLoS pathogens · 2024Review
- Clorgyline Analogs Synergize with Azoles against Drug Efflux inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Augmenting Azoles with Drug Synergy to Expand the Antifungal Toolbox.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Structural Insights into the Azole Resistance of theJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- The Ca-loop in thymidylate kinase is critical for growth and contributes to pyrimidine drug sensitivity ofThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
- Clade II Candida auris possess genomic structural variations related to an ancestral strain.PloS one · 2019Article
- The Significance of Lipids to Biofilm Formation inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Antimicrobial Activities and Mechanisms of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (nMgO) against Pathogenic Bacteria, Yeasts, and Biofilms.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Responding to the emergence of antifungal drug resistance: perspectives from the bench and the bedside.Future microbiology · 2018Review
- ERG3 and ERG11 genes are critical for the pathogenesis of Candida albicans during the oral mucosal infection.International journal of oral science · 2018Article
- Candida Species Biofilms' Antifungal Resistance.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Oral candidiasis among African human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals: 10 years of systematic review and meta-analysis from sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of oral microbiology · 2017Review
- Antifungal Therapy: New Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Mycosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Quinone derivatives isolated from the endolichenic fungus Phialocephala fortinii are Mdr1 modulators that combat azole resistance in Candida albicans.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- The calcineruin inhibitor cyclosporine a synergistically enhances the susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms to fluconazole by multiple mechanisms.BMC microbiology · 2016Article
- Synergistic Effects and Mechanisms of Budesonide in Combination with Fluconazole against Resistant Candida albicans.PloS one · 2016Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fluconazole-susceptible Candida albicans strains accumulated [3H]fluconazole at a rate of approximately 2 pmol/min per 10(9) cells. Fluconazole accumulation was not affected by the pretreatment of cells with sodium azide or with 2-deoxyglucose. The rate of fluconazole accumulation became saturated at high fluconazole concentrations and was not affected by the addition of ketoconazole, and there was no fluconazole accumulation in cells incubated at 4 degrees C. A fluconazole-resistant mutant of C. albicans SGY-243 was isolated following growth enrichment in fluconazole-containing medium. Cells of the mutant strain, designated FR2, showed a reduced rate of fluconazole accumulation compared with SGY-243 and were not resistant to other azole antifungal agents. The rates of fluconazole accumulation by C. albicans FR2 and the other azole-resistant strains, B59630, AD, and KB, were increased in the presence of sodium azide, suggesting that fluconazole resistance in these strains may be associated with an energy-dependent drug efflux. Fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains all contained elevated amounts (2- to 17-fold) of mRNA encoding Cdr1, and an ATP-binding cassette-type transporter. In addition, C. albicans FR2 also contained increased amounts of mRNA encoding Benr, a major facilitator superfamily transporter. These results suggest that fluconazole enters C. albicans cells by facilitated diffusion and that fluconazole resistance may involve energy-dependent drug efflux associated with increased expression of Benr and/or Cdr1.
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