ArticleJournal of general internal medicine1996
Differences in end-of-life decision making among black and white ambulatory cancer patients.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01358110 (Emergency Department-Based Palliative Care for Advanced Cancer Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 70 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Emergency Department-Based Palliative Care for Advanced Cancer Patients
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 244 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apoyo con Cariño: a pilot randomized controlled trial of a patient navigator intervention to improve palliative care outcomes for Latinos with serious illness.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2015Trial
- Preferences for aggressive care in underserved populations with advanced-stage lung cancer: looking beyond race and resuscitation.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2014Trial
- Patient-physician communication about code status preferences: a randomized controlled trial.Cancer · 2013Trial
- Randomized controlled trial of SPIRIT: an effective approach to preparing African-American dialysis patients and families for end of life.Research in nursing & health · 2009Trial
- Predictors and Drivers of End-of-Life Medicare Spending Among Older Adults with Solid Tumors: A Population-Based Study.Cancers · 2025Article
- Predictors of high-intensity care at the end of life among older adults with solid tumors: A population-based study.Journal of geriatric oncology · 2024Article
- Respecting Faith, Hope, and Miracles in African American Christian Patients at End-of-Life: Moving from Labeling Goals of Care as "Aggressive" to Providing Equitable Goal-Concordant Care.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- A Decade of Studying Drivers of Disparities in End-of-Life Care for Black Americans: Using the NIMHD Framework for Health Disparities Research to Map the Path Ahead.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2022Review
- Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Delivering Antiracist Care to Black Americans.Journal of palliative medicine · 2022Review
- Perceptions of Behavioral Awareness, Intention, and Readiness for Advance Care Planning: A Mixed-Method Study among Older Indigenous Patients with Late-Stage Cancers in Remote Areas of Eastern Taiwan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Association Between Self-reported Importance of Religious or Spiritual Beliefs and End-of-Life Care Preferences Among People Receiving Dialysis.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Factors Associated With DNR Status After Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage.The Neurohospitalist · 2020Article
- Advance Care Planning Outcomes in African Americans: An Empirical Look at the Trust Variable.Journal of palliative medicine · 2019Review
- Predictors of Advance Care Planning in Older Women: The Nurses' Health Study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2019Article
- Associations between Race and Dementia Status and the Quality of End-of-Life Care.Journal of palliative medicine · 2018Article
- The Paradox of End-of-Life Hospital Treatment Intensity among Black Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of palliative medicine · 2018Article
- Observational
- Ethnic Differences in Advance Directive Completion and Care Preferences: What Has Changed in a Decade?Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2017Article
- Advance Directive in End of Life Decision-Making among the Yoruba of South-Western Nigeria.BEOnline : journal of the West African bioethics training program · 2016Article
- End-of-Life Decision Making and Communication of Bereaved Family Members of African Americans with Serious Illness.Journal of palliative medicine · 2016Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAfrican-American (black) and white individuals have been shown to differ in their desire for life-sustaining treatments and their use of living wills for end-of-life care, but the reasons for these differences are unclear. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that these ethnic differences exist because black patients trust the health care system less, fear inadequate medical treatment more, and feel less confident that living wills can give them more control over their terminal care.
designCross-sectional, in-person survey conducted from November 1993 to June 1994.
settingTwo medical oncology clinics with 40% to 50% black patient representation.
participantsAmbulatory cancer patients, 92 black and 114 white, who were awaiting their physician visits and agreed to participate (76% of those eligible). Patients were excluded if they were under age 40 or if they had nonmelanoma skin cancer only. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsBlack ambulatory cancer patients wanted more life-sustaining treatments (odds ratio [OR] 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-5.3), and were less likely to want to complete a living will at some time in the future (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.17-0.75) than were white patients after controlling for socioeconomic variables. However, these differences were not related to lack of trust or fear of inadequate medical treatment in this study population. Both groups of patients trusted the health care system and felt that physicians treated patients equally well. Neither group feared inadequate or excessive medical care, and the majority of both groups agreed that living wills would help them keep control over their terminal care.
conclusionsBlack and white cancer patients make different end-of-life choices, even after adjusting for likely explanatory variables. The other factors that influence decision making remain unclear and need to be further explored if physicians are to understand and help their patients make choices for end-of-life care.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.