ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine1997
Mutants in the ADP-ribosyltransferase cleft of cholera toxin lack diarrheagenicity but retain adjuvanticity.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- RecombinantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Host-Microbe-Pathogen Interactions: A Review ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Development of Safe and Non-Self-Immunogenic Mucosal Adjuvant by Recombinant Fusion of Cholera Toxin A1 Subunit with Protein Transduction Domain.Journal of immunology research · 2018Article
- Mechanisms of inflammasome activation by Vibrio cholerae secreted toxins vary with strain biotype.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- The catalytic A1 domains of cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin are potent DNA adjuvants that evoke mixed Th1/Th17 cellular immune responses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Article
- Nasal Administration of Cholera Toxin as a Mucosal Adjuvant Damages the Olfactory System in Mice.PloS one · 2015Article
- Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis ghosts carrying the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit are capable of inducing enhanced protective immune responses.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Article
- Progress towards a needle-free hepatitis B vaccine.Pharmaceutical research · 2011Review
- Cholera toxin: a paradigm of a multifunctional protein.The Indian journal of medical research · 2011Review
- Outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis elicit a mucosal immune response.PloS one · 2011Article
- Dendritic cell-targeting DNA-based mucosal adjuvants for the development of mucosal vaccines.Expert review of vaccines · 2009Review
- Article
- Cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin, but not their nontoxic counterparts, improve the antigen-presenting cell function of human B lymphocytes.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Nasal vaccination with the 40-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis and a nontoxic chimeric enterotoxin adjuvant induces long-term protective immunity with reduced levels of immunoglobulin E antibodies.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- Prolonged colonization of mice by Vibrio cholerae El Tor O1 depends on accessory toxins.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Cholera toxin, LT-I, LT-IIa and LT-IIb: the critical role of ganglioside binding in immunomodulation by type I and type II heat-labile enterotoxins.Expert review of vaccines · 2007Review
- Induction of cell signaling events by the cholera toxin B subunit in antigen-presenting cells.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Intranasal vaccination with recombinant outer membrane protein CD and adamantylamide dipeptide as the mucosal adjuvant enhances pulmonary clearance of Moraxella catarrhalis in an experimental murine model.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- A second generation of double mutant cholera toxin adjuvants: enhanced immunity without intracellular trafficking.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT), the most commonly used mucosal adjuvant in experimental animals, is unsuitable for humans because of potent diarrhea-inducing properties. We have constructed two CT-A subunit mutants, e.g., serine-->phenylalanine at position 61 (S61F), and glutamic acid-->lysine at 112 (E112K) by site-directed mutagenesis. Neither mutant CT (mCT), in contrast to native CT (nCT), induced adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation, cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation, or fluid accumulation in ligated mouse ileal loops. Both mCTs retained adjuvant properties, since mice given ovalbumin (OVA) subcutaneously with mCTs or nCT, but not OVA alone developed high-titered serum anti-OVA immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (Abs) which were largely of IgG1 and IgG2b subclasses. Although nCT induced brisk IgE Ab responses, both mCTs elicited lower anti-OVA IgE Abs. OVA-specific CD4+ T cells were induced by nCT and by mCTs, and quantitative analysis of secreted cytokines and mRNA revealed a T helper cell 2 (Th2)-type response. These results now show that the toxic properties of CT can be separated from adjuvanticity, and the mCTs induce Ab responses via a Th2 cell pathway.
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