ArticleJournal of virology1997
The A34R glycoprotein gene is required for induction of specialized actin-containing microvilli and efficient cell-to-cell transmission of vaccinia virus.
Article in Journal of virology, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Poxviruses Induce the Secretion of Immunostimulating and Anti-Tumoral Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Which Proteins? The Challenge of Identifying the Protective Antigens for Next-Generation Capripoxvirus Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- The employment of vaccinia virus for colorectal cancer treatment: A review of preclinical and clinical studies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Development and Optimization of Indirect ELISAs for the Detection of Anti-Capripoxvirus Antibodies in Cattle, Sheep, and Goat Sera.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- An increase in glycoprotein concentration on extracellular virions dramatically alters vaccinia virus infectivity and pathogenesis without impacting immunogenicity.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- The Molluscum Contagiosum Gene MC021L Partially Compensates for the Loss of Its Vaccinia Virus Homolog, F13L.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Vaccinia Virus Glycoproteins A33, A34, and B5 Form a Complex for Efficient Endoplasmic Reticulum toJournal of virology · 2020Article
- The Ectodomain of the Vaccinia Virus Glycoprotein A34 Is Required for Cell Binding by Extracellular Virions and Contains a Large Region Capable of Interaction with Glycoprotein B5.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Divergent roles of β- and γ-actin isoforms during spread of vaccinia virus.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2017Article
- Arp2/3-mediated actin-based motility: a tail of pathogen abuse.Cell host & microbe · 2013Review
- Transport and stability of the vaccinia virus A34 protein is affected by the A33 protein.The Journal of general virology · 2013Article
- Modulation of the myxoma virus plaque phenotype by vaccinia virus protein F11.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Poxvirus cell entry: how many proteins does it take?Viruses · 2012Review
- Vaccinia extracellular virions enter cells by macropinocytosis and acid-activated membrane rupture.The EMBO journal · 2011Article
- Article
- Vaccinia virus B5 protein affects the glycosylation, localization and stability of the A34 protein.The Journal of general virology · 2010Article
- Acidic residues in the membrane-proximal stalk region of vaccinia virus protein B5 are required for glycosaminoglycan-mediated disruption of the extracellular enveloped virus outer membrane.The Journal of general virology · 2009Article
- In vitro host range, multiplication and virion forms of recombinant viruses obtained from co-infection in vitro with a vaccinia-vectored influenza vaccine and a naturally occurring cowpox virus isolate.Virology journal · 2009Article
- Vaccinia virus E2L null mutants exhibit a major reduction in extracellular virion formation and virus spread.Journal of virology · 2008Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mechanisms allowing vaccinia virus to spread from cell to cell are incompletely understood. The A34R gene of vaccinia virus encodes a glycoprotein that is localized in the outer membranes of extracellular virions. The small-plaque phenotype of an A34R deletion mutant was similar to that of mutants with deletions in other envelope genes that fail to produce extracellular vaccinia virions. Transmission electron microscopy, however, revealed that the A34R mutant produced numerous extracellular particles that were labeled with antibodies to other outer-envelope proteins and with protein A-colloidal gold. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy indicated that expression of the A34R protein was necessary for detection of vaccinia virus-induced actin tails, which provide motility to the intracellular enveloped form of vaccinia virus, and of virus-tipped specialized microvilli that project from the cell. The ability of vaccinia virus-infected cells to form syncytia after a brief exposure to a pH below 6, known as fusion from within, failed to occur in the absence of expression of the A34R protein; nevertheless, purified A34R- virions were capable of mediating low-pH-induced fusion from without. The present study provides genetic and microscopic evidence for the involvement of a specific viral protein in the formation or stability of actin-containing microvilli and for a role of these structures in cell-to-cell spread rather than in formation of extracellular virions.
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