ArticleJournal of virology1997
Mutations in the kissing-loop hairpin of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reduce viral infectivity as well as genomic RNA packaging and dimerization.
Article in Journal of virology, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Imaging Retroviral RNA Genome Heterodimers Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC).Viruses · 2025Article
- Structural Prediction of Coronavirus s2m Kissing Complexes and Extended Duplexes.ACS physical chemistry Au · 2025Article
- Human Retrovirus Genomic RNA Packaging.Viruses · 2022Review
- Epitranscriptomic regulation of HIV-1 full-length RNA packaging.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Review
- A novel role for gag as a cis-acting element regulating RNA structure, dimerization and packaging in HIV-1 lentiviral vectors.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Visualizing Rous Sarcoma Virus Genomic RNA Dimerization in the Nucleus, Cytoplasm, and at the Plasma Membrane.Viruses · 2021Article
- A purine loop and the primer binding site are critical for the selective encapsidation of mouse mammary tumor virus genomic RNA by Pr77Gag.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Development of a Novel Competitive qRT-PCR Assay to Measure Relative Lentiviral Packaging Efficiency.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2020Article
- NMR Studies of Retroviral Genome Packaging.Viruses · 2020Review
- Zinc Fingers in HIV-1 Gag Precursor Are Not Equivalent for gRNA Recruitment at the Plasma Membrane.Biophysical journal · 2020Article
- Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Gag domains have distinct RNA-binding specificities with implications for RNA packaging and dimerization.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- In cell mutational interference mapping experiment (in cell MIME) identifies the 5' polyadenylation signal as a dual regulator of HIV-1 genomic RNA production and packaging.Nucleic acids research · 2018Article
- Retroviral RNA Dimerization: From Structure to Functions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- HIV-1 Pr55RNA biology · 2017Article
- The Life-Cycle of the HIV-1 Gag-RNA Complex.Viruses · 2016Review
- A short sequence motif in the 5' leader of the HIV-1 genome modulates extended RNA dimer formation and virus replication.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
- Structural basis of genomic RNA (gRNA) dimerization and packaging determinants of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV).Retrovirology · 2014Article
- HIV-1 DIS stem loop forms an obligatory bent kissing intermediate in the dimerization pathway.Nucleic acids research · 2014Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A stem-loop termed the kissing-loop hairpin is one of the most highly conserved structures within the leader of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus genomic RNA. Because it plays a key role in the in vitro dimerization of short HIV-1 RNA transcripts (M. Laughrea and L. Jette, Biochemistry 35:1589-1598, 1996, and references therein; M. Laughrea and L. Jette, Biochemistry 35:9366-9374, 1996, and references therein) and because dimeric RNAs may be preferably encapsidated into the HIV-1 virus, alterations of the kissing-loop hairpin might affect the in vivo dimerization and encapsidation processes. Accordingly, substitution and deletion mutations were introduced into the kissing-loop hairpin of an infectious HIV-1 molecular clone in order to produce viruses by transfection methods. The infectivity of the resulting viruses was decreased by at least 99%, the amount of genomic RNA packaged per virus was decreased by 50 to 75%, and the proportion of dimeric genomic RNA was reduced from >80 to 40 to 50%, but the dissociation temperature of the genomic RNA was unchanged. There is evidence suggesting that the deletion mutations moderately inhibited CAp24 production but had no significant effect on RNA splicing. These results are consistent with the kissing-loop model of HIV-1 RNA dimerization. In fact, because intracellular viral RNAs are probably more concentrated in transfected cells than in cells infected by one virus and because the dimerization and encapsidation processes are concentration dependent, it is likely that much larger dimerization and encapsidation defects would have been manifested within cells infected by no more than one virus.
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