ArticleThe American journal of pathology1997
Expression pattern and cellular origin of cytokines in the normal and Toxoplasma gondii-infected murine brain.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- The detection of Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infections in BALB/c mice using various techniques.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2023Article
- ThemBio · 2021Article
- Review
- Presence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in brain as a potential cause of risky behavior: a report of 102 autopsy cases.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2019Article
- Galectin-3 and Galectin-9 May Differently Regulate the Expressions of Microglial M1/M2 Markers and T Helper 1/Th2 Cytokines in the Brains of Genetically Susceptible C57BL/6 and Resistant BALB/c Mice Following Peroral Infection WithFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- RecombinantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- In vivo effect of anti-TNF agent (etanercept) in reactivation of latent toxoplasmosis.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2016Article
- Psychiatric aspects of toxoplasmosis: an Indian perspective.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2016Article
- Superior isolation of antigen-specific brain infiltrating T cells using manual homogenization technique.Journal of immunological methods · 2016Article
- Microglia development and function.Annual review of immunology · 2014Review
- Transcriptome analysis of mouse brain infected with Toxoplasma gondii.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- Transmigration of polymorphnuclear neutrophils and monocytes through the human blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier after bacterial infection in vitro.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2013Article
- Immune response and immunopathology during toxoplasmosis.Seminars in immunopathology · 2012Review
- Article
- Toxoplasma on the brain: understanding host-pathogen interactions in chronic CNS infection.Journal of parasitology research · 2012Article
- Pathogenesis of chagas' disease: parasite persistence and autoimmunity.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2011Review
- Microglia in infectious diseases of the central nervous system.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2009Review
- Effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the brain.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2007Review
- Interleukin-1 receptor type 1 is essential for control of cerebral but not systemic listeriosis.The American journal of pathology · 2007Article
- Organ- and disease-stage-specific regulation of Toxoplasma gondii-specific CD8-T-cell responses by CD4 T cells.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the normal brain, low levels of cytokines are observed, whereas inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system are characterized by an up-regulation of cytokine production. The cellular sources for cytokines in the central nervous system are largely undefined. In the present study, we have analyzed intracerebral cytokine production in normal and Toxoplasma gondii-infected mice using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, flow cytometry of brain-derived leukocytes, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction detection in various subpopulations of inflammatory cells. In the normal brain, neurons and choroid plexus epithelia expressed interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-10. Microglia/macrophages produced IL-1 beta, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha In Toxoplasma encephalitis, these cell types exhibited increased levels of the respective cytokines. In addition, microglia/macrophages showed a de novo expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which were recruited to the brain, produced IL-2, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma. IL-4 was exclusively detectable in CD4+ T cells, whereas CD8+ T cells showed expression of IL-1 beta. As chronic Toxoplasma encephalitis was not associated with neuronal degeneration and an up-regulation of neurotrophic factors, some cytokines may also exert neurotrophic and/or neuroprotective properties.
Indexed as
Identifiers
9060839PMC1857868W1528893442What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.