ArticleJournal of virology1997
A conserved hairpin motif in the R-U5 region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA genome is essential for replication.
Article in Journal of virology, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- MMTV RNA packaging requires an extended long-range interaction for productive Gag binding to packaging signals.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Role of RNA structural plasticity in modulating HIV-1 genome packaging and translation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Identification of a putative Gag binding site critical for feline immunodeficiency virus genomic RNA packaging.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Article
- Selective packaging of HIV-1 RNA genome is guided by the stability of 5' untranslated region polyA stem.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- 5'-Cap sequestration is an essential determinant of HIV-1 genome packaging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Unpaired Guanosines in the 5' Untranslated Region of HIV-1 RNA Act Synergistically To Mediate Genome Packaging.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Role of Purine-Rich Regions in Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus (MPMV) Genomic RNA Packaging and Propagation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- On the generation of the MSD-Ѱ class of defective HIV proviruses.Retrovirology · 2019Article
- CD4- and Time-Dependent Susceptibility of HIV-1-Infected Cells to Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- In cell mutational interference mapping experiment (in cell MIME) identifies the 5' polyadenylation signal as a dual regulator of HIV-1 genomic RNA production and packaging.Nucleic acids research · 2018Article
- CLIP-related methodologies and their application to retrovirology.Retrovirology · 2018Review
- HIV-1 Sequence Necessary and Sufficient to Package Non-viral RNAs into HIV-1 Particles.Journal of molecular biology · 2017Article
- Review
- A short sequence motif in the 5' leader of the HIV-1 genome modulates extended RNA dimer formation and virus replication.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
- Article
- Small-angle X-ray scattering-derived structure of the HIV-1 5' UTR reveals 3D tRNA mimicry.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- In vivo SELEX of single-stranded domains in the HIV-1 leader RNA.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Human endogenous retrovirus W activity in cartilage of osteoarthritis patients.BioMed research international · 2014Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The untranslated leader region of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA genome contains multiple hairpin motifs. The repeat region of the leader, which is reiterated at the 3' end of the RNA molecule, encodes the well-known TAR hairpin and a second hairpin structure with the polyadenylation signal AAUAAA in the single-stranded loop [the poly(A) hairpin]. The fact that this poly(A) stem-loop structure and its thermodynamic stability are well conserved among HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus isolates, despite considerable divergence in sequence, suggests a biological function for this RNA motif in viral replication. Consistent with this idea, we demonstrate that mutations that alter the stability of the stem region or delete the upper part of the hairpin do severely inhibit replication of HIV type 1. Whereas destabilizing mutations in either the left- or right-hand side of the base-paired stem interfere with virus replication, the double mutant, which allows the formation of new base pairs, replicates more rapidly than the two individual virus mutants. Upon prolonged culturing of viruses with an altered hairpin stability, revertant viruses were obtained with additional mutations that restore the thermodynamic stability of the poly(A) hairpin. Transient transfection experiments demonstrated that transcription of the proviral genomes, translation of the viral mRNAs, and reverse transcription of the genomic RNAs are not affected by mutation of the 5' poly(A) hairpin. We show that the genomic RNA content of the virions is reduced by destabilization of this poly(A) hairpin but not by stabilization or truncation of this structure. These results suggest that the formation of the poly(A) hairpin structure at the 5' end of the genomic RNA molecule is necessary for packaging of viral genomes into virions and/or stability of the virion RNA.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.